Propargyl-PEG10-alcohol is a heterobifunctional PEG linker which enables Click Chemistry reactions with azide-bearing biomolecules; copper catalyst is needed. The hydrophilic PEG units increase aqueous solubility. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
Detail
Propargyl-PEG10-alcohol is a heterobifunctional PEG linker which enables Click Chemistry reactions with azide-bearing biomolecules; copper catalyst is needed. The hydrophilic PEG units increase aqueous solubility. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
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Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Kit
Product Info
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Product Info
Overview
Purification and enrichment of intact exosomes from plasma, serum, urine, cell culture media and saliva in less than 30 minutes.
Versatile sample input ranging from 50 µL to 10 mL
Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Mini Kit (50 µL – 1 mL Plasma/Serum)
Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Midi Kit (1 mL – 4 mL Plasma/Serum)
Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Maxi Kit (4 mL – 10 mL Plasma/Serum)
Exosome purification is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin separating matrix through exosomes’ surface proteins.
No precipitation reagents, overnight incubation, protease or coagulant treatments required
No time-consuming ultracentrifugation, filtration or special syringes required
Purify intact exosomes with a size ranging from 40-200 nm depending on sample input type
Purified exosomes are compatible with functional studies.
Purified exosomes are free from any RNA-binding proteins
Purified exosomes are compatible with NanoSight® or Electron Microscopy for assessing the approximate exosome size range and concentration.
Exosomal RNA can be extracted from the purified exosomes using Norgen’s Exosomal RNA Purification technology or any other RNA extraction method.
The Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Kits provide a fast, reliable and convenient method to purify and enrich for intact exosomes from different plasma/serum sample volumes ranging from 50 µL to 10 mL. These kits also allow for the purification of intact extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different plasma/serum sample volumes, and these EVs are ready for any downstream application. The purification is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin.
These kits provide a clear advantage over other available methods since they do not require any special instrumentation, ultracentrifugation, precipitation reagents or any protease treatments. More importantly, the purified exosomes will not be contaminated with any other RNA-binding proteins that may contaminate your exosomal RNA, which is essential if studying exosomal transcripts.
NanoSight® Analysis
Exosomes enriched with Norgen’s Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Kits can be analyzed using NanoSight® for assessing the approximate exosome size range and concentration
Exosomal RNA Analysis
To purify exosomes and isolate exosomal RNA, choose the Plasma/serum Exosome Purification and RNA isolation kits. The protocol is divided into 2 parts and an aliquot of purified exosomes can be taken for applications like NTA/TEM etc. before processing them for RNA isolation. Or you can use the Exosomal RNA Isolation Kit if you’ve already purified exosomes using a Norgen kit or another method. . Exosomal RNA isolation is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin without the need for phenol extractions or carrier RNA. This RNA is ideal for gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR, microarray, or NGS and for biomarker discovery.
Variable depending on the plasma/serum input volume
Time to Complete 10 Purifications
15 – 30 minutes
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment.
Important Note This kit is suitable for the purification of exosomes from fresh or frozen serum or plasma prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate. Plasma samples prepared from blood collected on heparin should not be used as heparin can significantly interfere with many downstream applications such as RT-PCR.
Our Blyscan™ Glycosaminoglycan Kit has been a ‘go-to’ Solution for reliable sGAG and Proteoglycan Analysis for many years! Blyscan utilises a dye-binding approach to quantitatively measure sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and proteoglycans in cells, tissues and fluids from a wide range of in-vivo and in-vitro sources.
Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoint)
Understanding Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a type of negatively charged polysaccharide that play crucial roles in various biological processes. They are composed of repeated disaccharide units, typically of N-acetylated or N-sulfated hexosamine paired with a uronic acid (GlcA or IdoA) or galactose. Sulfate groups can also be added to give sulfated GAGs an overall negative charge that influences cell interactions and also enable binding by our Blyscan dye reagent.
Common examples of GAGs include Chondroitin Sulfate, Dermatan Sulfate, Heparin, Heparan Sulfate, and Keratan Sulfate. Note that Hyaluronic Acid is a non-sulfated GAG and cannot be detected by the Blyscan assay. If you need to measure hyaluronic acid instead, we recommend using our Purple-Jelley kit!
The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Tissues
GAGs and proteoglycans have essential functions in tissues and organisms, providing biophysical support through scaffolding and maintaining cartilage hydration. They also play a vital role in biochemical processes such as cell adhesion and signalling.
What is the origin of the Blyscan assay name?
Blyscan is an Old English word meaning ‘to shine’ and from which the word ‘blush’, (blushing), may have been derived. This was an appropriate choice as the Blyscan Assay contains a blue dye which ‘blushes’ bright pink when it binds to sulphated glycosaminoglycans!
How does the Blyscan assay work?
Step 1. Blyscan dye reagent contains DMMB dye in an optimised buffer. Addition of Dye reagent to samples containing sGAG results in the formation of a dye/sGAG complex due to a charge interaction between dye and GAG sulfate groups.
Step 2. Over a 30 minute incubation Dye-labelled sGAGs precipitate out of solution and are collected by centrifugation. Following removal of unbound dye, the remaining bound dye is released from the complex by addition of dye dissociation reagent. Released dye is quantified spectrophotometrically.
Step 3. The sGAG content of unknown samples may be quantified by comparison against a calibration curve prepared using a standard of purified Chondroitin-4-sulfate supplied with the kit.
A list of suggested sample types can be found under the ‘Assay Specification‘ tab.
The Blyscan Dye reagent is formulated to miminise binding to other charged sample components such as nucleic acids, a problem with some older dye-based sGAG assays.
Assay range
2.5 – 50µg/ml
Limit of Detection
2.5µg/ml
Detection Method
Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoint)
Measurements per kit
110 in total (allows a maximum of 48 samples to be run in duplicate alongside a standard curve).
In-vivo: Liquid samples, including fluids such as urine, amniotic or synovial fluid.
In-vitro: Solid samples, such as deposited ECM on 2D/3D culture surfaces.by enzymatic treatment
In-vivo: Liquid samples, Culture media during 2D/3D cell culture.
The assay requires that sulfated polysaccahrides or sGAGs are in a soluble form. A preliminary enzymatic extraction step is required for solid samples (enzyme not supplied with kit).
The assay is not suitable for use with samples containing alginates or that comprise degraded sulfated disaccharide fragments.
Precautions
This kit is designed for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Kit requires access to a centrifuge, as well as a spectrophotometer/colorimeter capable of absorbance detection at 656nm. Specific sample preparation protocols may require customer to provide further reagents, consult assay manual for further information.
Blyscan sGAG kit contents:
1. Blyscan Dye Reagent (1x110ml)
2.sGAG Reference Standard (1x5ml, 100µg/ml Bovine tracheal chondroitin 4-sulfate)
3. Dissociation Reagent (1x110ml)
4. Sodium Nitrite (1x15ml)
5. Acetic Acid (1x15ml)
6. Ammonium Sulfamate (1x15ml)
7. 1.5ml micro-centrifuge tubes for dye-labelling reaction.
8. Assay kit manual
NB: Additional reagents may be required for sample preparation prior to assay. Consult manual or contact us for further details.
Document
Our Blyscan™ Glycosaminoglycan Kit has been a ‘go-to’ Solution for reliable sGAG and Proteoglycan Analysis for many years! Blyscan utilises a dye-binding approach to quantitatively measure sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and proteoglycans in cells, tissues and fluids from a wide range of in-vivo and in-vitro sources. Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoin