Organophsphates are a class of pesticides that mechanistically target the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Regulatory guidelines have been set to ensure our food and water are within the acceptable regulatory authority guidelines. Because most OPs are provided in their precursor form, organothiophosphate (i.e., Malathion, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Azinphos, Dimethoate, Terbufos, Phosmet) Attogene’s organophosphate ELISA kit has been designed to detect organothiophosphates which are the main form of the compounds when applied in the field.
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Cat.# 20102S, 20102L: Size range 100-200 bp
Product Info
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Product Info
The series of DNA Size Selection Kits (Magnetic Beads) were developed for DNA size selection using magnetic beads. A total of 11 kits are available, with different selection ranges spanning from 50 bp to over 10 kb. The kits provide a simple and quick approach for the enrichment of a specific range of DNA fragments. The kit workflow allows double-sided or single-sided size selection for specific size cutoffs.
Gel images of different ranges of size selection. Sheared human genomic DNA was used as input.
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DNA size selection is a selective capture of DNA fragments of a specific range of size for next-generation sequencing (NGS) library preparations, PCR, ChIP assay, DNA ligations, endonuclease digestions, adapter removal, and other genomics and molecular biology applications. DNA size selection is preferred after NGS library prep in most of the cases. The NGS library preparation is related to the quality of the sequencing data. Precise NGS library size selection can increase sequencing efficiency, improve data quality, and reduce costs.
There are two types of sequencing technologies: short-read sequencing and long-read sequencing. Short-read sequencing uses DNA libraries that contain small insert DNA fragments of similar sizes, usually several hundred base pairs. The sequencing efficiency can be improved if the DNA size selection is in the right range. Cat.# 20104S and 20104L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 100 (PE100) sequencing with 100-200 bp library inserts; Cat.# 20105S and 20105L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 150 (PE150) sequencing with 150-300 bp library inserts; and Cat.# 20106S and 20106L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 300 (PE300) sequencing with 300-600 bp library inserts.
Long-read sequencing uses a large DNA fragment as input and makes very long reads. Usually, library size selection is preferred to remove smaller fragments. Cat.# 20110S and 20110L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >5 kb, and Cat.# 20111S and 20111L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >10 kb.
The magnetic beads technology uses paramagnetic particles, also known as SPRI (Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization) beads, to bind DNA reversibly and selectively. DNA fragments can be size-selected and purified by changing the properties of the magnetic beads or SPRI beads. The magnetic beads can easily separate the beads-binding DNA from the contaminants and unwanted components in the samples. The samples after DNA size selection are free of contaminants such as buffer components, enzymes, proteins, salts, dNTPs, primers, and adapters. Our proprietary magnetic beads reagents improve yield, selectivity, and reproducibility.
Specific DNA fragments at a certain length range can be purified simply using magnetic separation with different beads components, avoiding tedious and time-consuming gel extraction and column-based purification. The magnetic beads method is popular for common DNA size selection, including library size selection. The first beads-binding step, referred to as the right-side clean-up, removes large DNA fragments. The large DNA fragments are bound to the beads and are discarded. The desired DNA fragments in the supernatant are transferred to a new well, and new beads are added to the supernatant for the second beads-binding, referred to as the left-side clean-up. The double-size selected DNA fragments are eluted after ethanol rinsing.
DNA size selection with dual clean-ups.
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A single clean-up is needed for DNA size selection with large fragments. In this case, only the large DNA fragments are bound to the beads. The selected larger DNA fragments are eluted after ethanol rinsing.
DNA size selection with single clean-up for >5 kb and >10 kb DNA.
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Features of DNA size selection and library size selection
High specificity and high recovery of size selection
11 selection ranges are available, including 5 ranges for NGS library size selection
50-100 bp
100-200 bp
200-500 bp
250-350 bp: ideal for illumina PE100 sequencing
300-450 bp: ideal for illumina PE150 sequencing
450-750 bp: ideal for illumina PE300 sequencing
500-1000 bp
1-3 kb
1-5 kb
>5 kb: ideal for long-read sequencing
>10 kb: ideal for long-read sequencing
Fast and simple
20-min protocol
No gel purification required
No columns required
No centrifugation required
Efficient removal of contaminants and unwanted components
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a widespread disease which infects members of the pig family(Suidae). Anumberoftick species are believed to be the vector for the disease,as well as being transmitted by raw pork and pig excrement [1]. After firstly being identified in Kenya in 1921, ASFV became endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with regular outbreaks being reported across Europe, Asia and South America throughout the century [2]. More recently the virus was introduced in Georgia and spread throughout the region, as well as mass outbreaks occurring in China in 2018 [3]. ASFVistheonlymemberoftheAsfaridaefamily.ItisalargeenvelopeddoublestrandedDNA virus of icosahedral morphology with an average diameter of 200nm and isolates contain genomes between 170-190Kbp encoding for up to 167 open reading frames [2]. The morphology of ASFV consist of several concentric domains. An inner core contains the nucleoid coated with a thick protein layered core shell, which is surrounded by an inner lipid envelope , all of which is encompassed by the capsid [2]. ASFV begins its replication cycle in the nucleus of infected cells before moving to the cytoplasm where the majority of the replication takes place [2]. Gene transcription is highly regulated, with distinct classes of mRNA identified to accumulate at early, intermediate and late transcripts of the virus [2]. The disease induces acute haemorrhagic disease within its hosts, causing high fevers and skin haemorrhages, with death often occurring within ten days of clinical symptoms appearing [4].
References: 1: The Centre for Food Security and Public Health (2015), African Swine Fever. 2: Galindo, I. and Alonso, C., 2017. African swine fever virus: a review. Viruses, 9(5), p.103. 3: Zhou, X., Li, N., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Miao, F., Chen, T., Zhang, S., Cao, P., Li, X., Tian, K. and Qiu, H.J., 2018. Emergence of African swine fever in China, 2018. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 65(6), pp.1482-1484. 4: Gallardo, C., Ademun, A.R., Nieto, R., Nantima, N., Arias, M., Martín, E., Pelayo, V. and Bishop, R.P., 2011. Genotyping of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates associated with disease outbreaks in Uganda in 2007. African Journal of biotechnology, 10(17), pp.3488-3497.
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Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target
Accurate controls to confirm findings
Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28/CTLA-4 family of T-cell regulators, expressed as a co-receptor on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages. New studies have suggested that the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway may be linked to anti-tumor immunity, as PD-L1 has been shown to induce apoptosis of activated T cells or inhibit activity of cytotoxic T cells. In comparison to CD10 and Bcl-6, PD-1 is expressed by fewer B cells and has therefore been considered a more specific and useful diagnostic marker for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Therapies targeted toward the PD-1 receptor have shown remarkable clinical responses in patients with various types of cancer, including non–small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal-cell cancer.
