Description
Specifications
| Clone | IHC410 |
| Source | Mouse Monoclonal |
| Positive Control | Colon, Colon Carcinoma |
| Dilution Range | 1:200 |
MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) is a protein involved in the mismatch-repair pathway. This protein is commonly associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are correlated with the development of sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Expression levels of MSH2 are abnormally low in a high percentage of patients with microsatellite instability, as well as endometrial and ovarian cancers. Use of Anti-MSH2 is optimized when paired in an IHC panel with antibodies against MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. Reports have shown Anti-MSH2 to be useful in the detection of the protein in a number of normal and neoplastic tissues, and for identifying a loss of MSH2 in tumors that are microsatellite-unstable.
| Clone | IHC410 |
| Source | Mouse Monoclonal |
| Positive Control | Colon, Colon Carcinoma |
| Dilution Range | 1:200 |
| Clone | IHC044 |
| Source | Mouse Monoclonal |
| Positive Control | Benign Urothelium |
| Dilution Range | 1:200 |
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a glycoprotein receptor for hyaluronic acid, which plays a fundamental role in cellular adhesion, stromal binding, migration, and cell-cell interactions. Studies have suggested that the CD44-hyaluronate interaction is central to tumor invasiveness. Positive staining with Anti-CD44 is implicated in a multitude of different cancer types, including breast, prostatic, renal cell, colonic, hepatocellular, and genitourinary carcinomas, as well as Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, metastatic melanoma, gastric cancer, and some soft tissue tumors. It has also been demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between tumor progression and increased expression of CD44v, a high molecular weight CD44 isoform that has been described in epithelial cells. Given the expression of CD44 in a wide range of cancers, the most practical application of CD44 immunostaining is its use in discriminating between urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.
The Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Kits provide a fast, reliable and convenient method to purify and enrich for intact exosomes from different plasma/serum sample volumes ranging from 50 µL to 10 mL. These kits also allow for the purification of intact extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different plasma/serum sample volumes, and these EVs are ready for any downstream application. The purification is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin.
These kits provide a clear advantage over other available methods since they do not require any special instrumentation, ultracentrifugation, precipitation reagents or any protease treatments. More importantly, the purified exosomes will not be contaminated with any other RNA-binding proteins that may contaminate your exosomal RNA, which is essential if studying exosomal transcripts.
NanoSight® Analysis
Exosomes enriched with Norgen’s Plasma/Serum Exosome Purification Kits can be analyzed using NanoSight® for assessing the approximate exosome size range and concentration
Exosomal RNA Analysis
To purify exosomes and isolate exosomal RNA, choose the Plasma/serum Exosome Purification and RNA isolation kits. The protocol is divided into 2 parts and an aliquot of purified exosomes can be taken for applications like NTA/TEM etc. before processing them for RNA isolation. Or you can use the Exosomal RNA Isolation Kit if you’ve already purified exosomes using a Norgen kit or another method. . Exosomal RNA isolation is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin without the need for phenol extractions or carrier RNA. This RNA is ideal for gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR, microarray, or NGS and for biomarker discovery.
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| Kit Specifications | |
| Plasma/Serum Input (Cat. 57400) | 50 μL – 1 mL |
| Plasma/Serum Input (Cat. 57500) | 1 mL – 4 mL |
| Plasma/Serum Input (Cat. 57600) | 4 mL – 10 mL |
| Size of Exosomes Purified | 40 nm – 150 nm |
| Elution Volume | Variable depending on the plasma/serum input volume |
| Time to Complete 10 Purifications | 15 – 30 minutes |
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment.
Important Note
This kit is suitable for the purification of exosomes from fresh or frozen serum or plasma prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate. Plasma samples prepared from blood collected on heparin should not be used as heparin can significantly interfere with many downstream applications such as RT-PCR.
| Component | Cat. 57400 (50 preps) | Cat. 57500 (25 preps) | Cat. 57600 (15 preps) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slurry E | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL |
| ExoC Buffer | 8 mL | 8 mL | 2 x 8 mL |
| ExoR Buffer | 12 mL | 12 mL | 12 mL |
| Mini Filter Spin Columns inserted into 2 mL tubes | 50 | 25 | 15 |
| Product Insert | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Norgen’s Exosome Purification and RNA Isolation Kits constitute all-in-one systems for the purification of exosomes and the subsequent isolation of exosomal RNA from different urine sample volumes. The purification is based on spin column chromatography that employs Norgen’s proprietary resin. These kits are designed to isolate all sizes of RNA, including microRNA, irrespective of size or GC content, without bias. These kits provide a clear advantage over other available kits in that they do not require any special instrumentation, protein precipitation reagents, extension tubes, phenol/chloroform or protease treatments. Moreover, the kit allows the user to elute into a flexible elution volume ranging from 50 µL to 100 µL. The purified RNA is free from any protein-bound circulating RNA and of the highest integrity. The purified RNA can be used in a number of downstream applications including real time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection and primer extension, and expression array assays.
Urine Exosome Purification and RNA Isolation Mini Kit
For sample volumes ranging from 250 µL to 1 mL.
Urine Exosome Purification and RNA Isolation Midi Kit
For sample volumes ranging from 2 mL to 10 mL.
Urine Exosome Purification and RNA Isolation Maxi Kit
For sample volumes ranging from 11 mL to 30 mL.
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| Kit Specifications | |
| Minimum Urine Input | 11 mL |
| Maximum Urine Input | 30 mL |
| Size of Exosomes Purified | 40 nm – 150 nm |
| Size of RNA Purified | All sizes, including miRNA and small RNA (< 200 nt) |
| Elution Volume | 50-100 μL |
| Time to Complete 10 Purifications | 35 – 40 minutes |
| Average Yields* | Variable depending on specimen |
*Please check page 4 of the product insert for the average yields and the common RNA quantification methods
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment. It is recommended to warm Lysis Buffer A for 20 minutes at 60°C if any salt precipitation is observed.
Important Note
Urine samples stored at -70°C, -20°C or at 4°C will develop some precipitation due to the aggregation of some of the highly abundant proteins in urine. Eliminating these precipitates using centrifugation or filtration may cause the loss of exosomes. Furthermore, these precipitates may affect the quality of the purified nucleic acid. We recommend the use of Norgen’s Urine Preservative when collecting urine samples, which is designed for the preservation of nucleic acids and proteins in fresh urine samples at ambient temperatures. The components of the Urine Preservative allow samples to be stored for over 2 years at room temperature with no detected degradation of urine DNA, RNA or proteins. Norgen’s Urine Preservative is available as a liquid format in Norgen’s Urine Preservative Single Dose Ampules, as well as in a dried format in Norgen’s Urine Collection and Preservation Tubes.
| Component | Cat. 58400 (50 preps) | Cat. 58700 (25 preps) | Cat. 58800 (15 preps) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slurry E | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL |
| ExoC Buffer | 8 mL | 30 mL | 50 mL |
| ExoR Buffer | 12 mL | 12 mL | 12 mL |
| Lysis Buffer A | 20 mL | 20 mL | 20 mL |
| Lysis Additive B | 2 mL | 2 mL | 2 mL |
| Wash Solution A | 18 mL | 18 mL | 18 mL |
| Elution Solution A | 6 mL | 6 mL | 6 mL |
| Mini Filter Spin Columns | 50 | 25 | 15 |
| Mini Spin Columns | 50 | 25 | 15 |
| Collection Tubes | 50 | 25 | 15 |
| Elution Tubes (1.7 mL) | 100 | 50 | 30 |
| Product Insert | 1 | 1 | 1 |