Permagen’s 16 x 1.5 mL Microfuge Tube Magnetic rack is designed for magnetic bead separations from up to 16 tubes
Detail
Permagen’s 16 x 1.5 mL Microfuge Tube Magnetic rack is designed for magnetic bead separations from up to 16 tubes
Contains the strongest magnets out of all of our Microfuge racks
Tubes are pushed 14mm between centers allowing the use of an 8-channel, adjustable head pipette. 8 tubes per side also make for easy transition to and from microplates
Accommodates many common 1.5 mL Microcentrifuge and some 2.0 mL tubes
Tubes are angled and beads will be pulled to back wall allowing easy aspiration and tip tracking down the front wall of the tubes without disturbing bead pellet
Salmonella spp. are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. They are approximately 0.7 to 1.5 µm in diameter and 2 to 5 µm in length and responsible for a large number of cases of foodborne illness throughout the world. Salmonella have circular DNA genomes with a mean length of approximately 4530 kb, although this can vary by up 1000 kb. Salmonella classification is extremely complex, however, the genus is divided into two species: S. enterica and S.bongori. S. enterica is then itself divided into 6 biochemically distinct subspecies and the Salmonella genus is further classified into serovars (serotypes) based on the lipopolysaccharide (O), flagella protein (H), and sometimes the capsular (VI) antigens. There are more than 2500 known serovars and within a serovar there may be strains that differ in virulence.
Salmonella are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestines or gall bladder of many animals, being continuously or intermittently shed in the faeces. Humans can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with infected animals or animal faeces. In such instances the bacteria adhere to and enter the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxins produced by the bacteria can damage and kill the cells that line the intestines, which results in intestinal fluid loss. The bacteria can survive for weeks in a dry environment and far longer in water thus they are frequently present in polluted waters. Salmonella can also be carried latently in the mesenteric lymph nodes or tonsils; these bacteria are not shed, but can become reactivated after stress or immunosuppression. In addition, fomites and vectors can spread Salmonella and vertical transmission occurs in birds, with contamination of the vitalize membrane, albumen and possibly the yolk of eggs. Salmonella spp. can also be transmitted in utero in mammals.
There are two different disease conditions that are distinct to salmonellosis; gastroenteritis and enteric typhoid fever. The gastroenteritis is a nonsystemic infection of the intestinal tract and regional lymph nodes that gives rise to headache, muscle aches, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever, nausea and dehydration. In contrast, the enteric typhoid fever is a systemic disease in which the microorganism replicates within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The symptoms usually appear 6 to 72 hours after ingesting contaminated food although individuals can be infected with the bacteria without having symptoms. Those with and without symptoms shed the bacteria in their stool and it is important that personal hygiene be maintained at all times.
Document
Exceptional value for money Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes Positive copy number standard curve for quantification Highly specific detection profile High priming efficiency Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs) Sensitive to < 100 copies of target
Accurate controls to confirm findings
Gel images of different ranges of library size selection. Sheared human genomic DNA was used as input.
.
Library size selection is an enrichment of a specific range of library sizes for NGS library preparations. The NGS library preparation is related to the quality of the sequencing data. Precise NGS library size selection can increase sequencing efficiency, improve data quality, and reduce costs.
There are two types of sequencing technologies: short-read sequencing and long-read sequencing. Short-read sequencing uses DNA libraries that contain small insert DNA fragments of similar sizes, usually several hundred base pairs. The sequencing efficiency can be improved if the DNA size selection is in the right range. Cat.# 20104S and 20104L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 100 (PE100) sequencing with 100-200 bp library inserts; Cat.# 20105S and 20105L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 150 (PE150) sequencing with 150-300 bp library inserts; and Cat.# 20106S and 20106L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 300 (PE300) sequencing with 300-600 bp library inserts.
Long-read sequencing uses a large DNA fragment as input and makes very long reads. Usually, library size selection is preferred to remove smaller fragments. Cat.# 20110S and 20110L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >5 kb, and Cat.# 20111S and 20111L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >10 kb.
The magnetic beads, or SPRI (Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization) beads, is well used for the purification of DNA due to their reversible DNA binding. The NGS library can be size-selected by the magnetic beads or SPRI beads. The properties of the magnetic beads can be changed for a specific range of DNA binding. The contaminants and other unwanted components in the libraries can also be removed during size selection.
Specific ranges of NGS libraries can be selected using magnetic beads with different buffer compositions. The first DNA-beads binding step, also called the right-side clean-up, removes large NGS library fragments. The large NGS library fragments that bind to the beads are discarded with the beads pellet. The desired NGS library fragments in the supernatant are transferred to a new well, and new beads are added to the supernatant for the second beads-DNA binding, also called the left-side clean-up. After the rinsing step, the NGS library fragments with the dual selection are eluted in water or an appropriate buffer. The magnetic beads method has great advantages over time-consuming column purification and tedious gel-based purification.
NGS library size selection with dual clean-ups.
.
Library size selection for long-read sequencing only requires a single clean-up. In this case, only the large library fragments are bound to the beads, while other small library fragments are discarded with the supernatant. The selected larger library fragments are eluted in water or an appropriate buffer after the rinsing step.
NGS library size selection with single clean-up for >5 kb and >10 kb libraries.
Purified RNA is suitable for a variety of downstream applications, including Small RNA Sequencing. Find out more information on Norgen’s NGS services
Purification is based on spin column chromatography that uses Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix
These kits provides a rapid method for the purification of total RNA from non-preserved saliva and nasal/throat swabs, and from preserved saliva collected on Norgen’s Saliva RNA Collection and Preservation Devices Dx (Cat. 53800) or preserved swabs collected in Norgen’s Total Nucleic Acid Preservative Tubes Dx (Cat. Dx69200). Purification is based on using Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix. RNA is preferentially purified from other cellular components such as proteins, without the use of phenol or chloroform. The chemistry employed in the kit allows the purification of total RNA, including viral and bacterial RNA, irrespective of size or GC content. The purified RNA is ideal for in vitro diagnostic use for medical purposes.
Saliva/Swab RNA Purification Kit Dx (Spin Column)
This kit is optimized to be used with any downstream application employing enzymatic amplification or other enzymatic modifications of RNA followed by signal detection or amplification. Any diagnostic results generated using the RNA isolated with Norgen’s Saliva / Swab RNA Purification Kit Dx in conjunction with an in vitro diagnostic assay should be interpreted with regard to other clinical or laboratory findings.
To minimize irregularities in diagnostic results, suitable controls for downstream applications should be used.
Norgen’s Saliva/Swab RNA Purification Kit Dx is intended for use by professional users such as technicians, physicians and biologists experienced and trained in molecular biological techniques.
Norgen’s Saliva/Swab RNA Purification Kit Dx does not provide a diagnostic result. It is the sole responsibility of the user to use and validate the kit in conjunction with a downstream in vitro diagnostic assay.
This kit is optimized to be used with any downstream application employing enzymatic amplification or other enzymatic modifications of RNA followed by signal detection or amplification. Any diagnostic results generated using the RNA isolated with Norgen’s Saliva / Swab RNA Purification 96-Well Kit Dx in conjunction with an in vitro diagnostic assay should be interpreted with regard to other clinical or laboratory findings. To minimize irregularities in diagnostic results, suitable controls for downstream applications should be used. Norgen’s Saliva / Swab RNA Purification 96-Well Kit Dx is intended for use by professional users such as technicians, physicians and biologists experienced and trained in molecular biological techniques. Norgen’s Saliva / Swab RNA Purification 96-Well Kit Dx does not provide a diagnostic result. It is the sole responsibility of the user to use and validate the kit in conjunction with a downstream in vitro diagnostic assay.
High throughput 96-well plate format for rapid purifications
Very consistent well-to-well RNA isolation
Bind & elute all RNA irrespective of size or GC content, without bias
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. All solutions and plastics can be used until the expiration date specified on their labels.
