Synovial fluid is secreted into the joint cavity from the inner membrane of synovial joints. Synovial fluid is a plasma ultrafiltrate which contains proteins derived from both the blood plasma and produced by cells within the joint tissues. It lubricates the articulating joints as well as supplies oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes in the surrounding cartilage. Septic arthritis is usually caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections to the synovial fluid. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial infection causing Septic arthritis. Diagnosing Septic arthritis is done through joint fluid (synovial fluid) analysis, blood tests or imaging tests.
Norgen’s Synovial Fluid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit provides a fast, reliable and simple procedure for isolating the highest quality and the highest quantity of bacterial genomic DNA from various amounts of synovial fluid ranging from 1 mL up to 10 mL. Purification is based on using Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix. The kit is designed to isolate all Gram +ve and Gram -ve strains. Moreover, the kit allows the user to elute the purified bacterial genomic DNA into a flexible elution volume ranging from 25 µL to 50 µL. The purified bacterial gDNA is eluted in an Elution Buffer that is compatible with all downstream applications including PCR, qPCR, methylation-sensitive PCR, Southern Blot analysis and NGS.
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| Kit Specifications | |
| Maximum Input | 2 x 109 bacterial cells |
| Column Binding Capacity | 25 μg |
| Average Yield | up to 20 µg |
| Time to Complete 10 Purifications | 45 minutes |
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. These reagents should remain stable for at least 1 year in their unopened containers.
| Component | Cat. 67900 (50 preps) |
|---|---|
| Precipitation Solution B | 15 mL |
| Lysis Buffer T | 6.5 mL |
| Solution BX | 28 mL |
| Wash Solution A | 38 mL |
| Elution Buffer B | 8 mL |
| Micro Spin Columns | 50 |
| Collection Tubes | 50 |
| Elution Tubes (1.7 mL) | 50 |
| Product Insert | 1 |
Our Blyscan™ Glycosaminoglycan Kit has been a ‘go-to’ Solution for reliable sGAG and Proteoglycan Analysis for many years! Blyscan utilises a dye-binding approach to quantitatively measure sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and proteoglycans in cells, tissues and fluids from a wide range of in-vivo and in-vitro sources.
Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoint)
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a type of negatively charged polysaccharide that play crucial roles in various biological processes. They are composed of repeated disaccharide units, typically of N-acetylated or N-sulfated hexosamine paired with a uronic acid (GlcA or IdoA) or galactose. Sulfate groups can also be added to give sulfated GAGs an overall negative charge that influences cell interactions and also enable binding by our Blyscan dye reagent.
Common examples of GAGs include Chondroitin Sulfate, Dermatan Sulfate, Heparin, Heparan Sulfate, and Keratan Sulfate. Note that Hyaluronic Acid is a non-sulfated GAG and cannot be detected by the Blyscan assay. If you need to measure hyaluronic acid instead, we recommend using our Purple-Jelley kit!
GAGs and proteoglycans have essential functions in tissues and organisms, providing biophysical support through scaffolding and maintaining cartilage hydration. They also play a vital role in biochemical processes such as cell adhesion and signalling.
Blyscan is an Old English word meaning ‘to shine’ and from which the word ‘blush’, (blushing), may have been derived. This was an appropriate choice as the Blyscan Assay contains a blue dye which ‘blushes’ bright pink when it binds to sulphated glycosaminoglycans!
Step 1. Blyscan dye reagent contains DMMB dye in an optimised buffer. Addition of Dye reagent to samples containing sGAG results in the formation of a dye/sGAG complex due to a charge interaction between dye and GAG sulfate groups.
Step 2. Over a 30 minute incubation Dye-labelled sGAGs precipitate out of solution and are collected by centrifugation. Following removal of unbound dye, the remaining bound dye is released from the complex by
addition of dye dissociation reagent. Released dye is quantified spectrophotometrically.
Step 3. The sGAG content of unknown samples may be quantified by comparison against a calibration curve prepared using a standard of purified Chondroitin-4-sulfate supplied with the kit.
A list of suggested sample types can be found under the ‘Assay Specification‘ tab.
The Blyscan Dye reagent is formulated to miminise binding to other charged sample components such as nucleic acids, a problem with some older dye-based sGAG assays.
2.5 – 50µg/ml
2.5µg/ml
Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoint)
110 in total (allows a maximum of 48 samples to be run in duplicate alongside a standard curve).
In-vivo: Solid samples, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, tumour tissue
In-vivo: Liquid samples, including fluids such as urine, amniotic or synovial fluid.
In-vitro: Solid samples, such as deposited ECM on 2D/3D culture surfaces.by enzymatic treatment
In-vivo: Liquid samples, Culture media during 2D/3D cell culture.
The assay requires that sulfated polysaccahrides or sGAGs are in a soluble form. A preliminary enzymatic extraction step is required for solid samples (enzyme not supplied with kit).
The assay is not suitable for use with samples containing alginates or that comprise degraded sulfated disaccharide fragments.
This kit is designed for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Kit requires access to a centrifuge, as well as a spectrophotometer/colorimeter capable of absorbance detection at 656nm.
Specific sample preparation protocols may require customer to provide further reagents, consult assay manual for further information.
1. Blyscan Dye Reagent (1x110ml)
2.sGAG Reference Standard (1x5ml, 100µg/ml Bovine tracheal chondroitin 4-sulfate)
3. Dissociation Reagent (1x110ml)
4. Sodium Nitrite (1x15ml)
5. Acetic Acid (1x15ml)
6. Ammonium Sulfamate (1x15ml)
7. 1.5ml micro-centrifuge tubes for dye-labelling reaction.
8. Assay kit manual
NB: Additional reagents may be required for sample preparation prior to assay. Consult manual or contact us for further details.
Our Blyscan™ Glycosaminoglycan Kit has been a ‘go-to’ Solution for reliable sGAG and Proteoglycan Analysis for many years! Blyscan utilises a dye-binding approach to quantitatively measure sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and proteoglycans in cells, tissues and fluids from a wide range of in-vivo and in-vitro sources.
Colorimetric Detection (656nm) (Endpoin
Norgen’s Total Nucleic Acid Preservation Tubes are designed for ambient preservation and transport of total nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) from samples collected using a swab, including nasal, buccal, saliva, fecal, skin, surfaces, etc. The Total Nucleic Acid Preservation Tubes contain Norgen’s Total Nucleic Acid Preservative in a liquid format. The user simply collects the specimen using a sterile nylon flocked swab (not provided), and then transfers the swab into the Total Nucleic Acid Preservative. The preservative prevents the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and also inactivates viruses allowing the resulting non-infectious samples to be handled and shipped safely. In addition, the Total Nucleic Acid Preservative eliminates the need to immediately process or freeze samples and allows the samples to be shipped to centralized testing facilities at ambient temperatures. The components of the Preservative allow DNA samples to be stored at room temperature for over 4 months and RNA samples to be stored at room temperature for over 2 months.
Swab samples collected and preserved using Norgen’s Total Nucleic Acid Preservation Tubes are compatible with most commercially available DNA and RNA isolation methods. Samples stored in the tubes have been used successfully with most of Norgen Biotek’s DNA and RNA isolation kits and reagents, including Norgen’s Total RNA Purification Kit (Cat# 17200) and Norgen’s Saliva DNA Isolation Kit (Cat# RU45400). For purification of total nucleic acids please refer to the supplementary protocol provided with Norgen’s Total RNA Purification Kit (Cat#17200).
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| Kit Specifications | |
| Stability of DNA at Room Temperature | 4 months |
| Stability of RNA at Room Temperature | 2 months |
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
The Total Nucleic Acid Preservation Tubes can be stored at room temperature for up 1 year without any reduction in kit performance. The collect before date is indicated on the tube label and the kit box label.
| Kit Components | Cat. 69200 |
|---|---|
| Total Nucleic Acid Preservation Tubes | 50 |
| Product Insert | 1 |