Brevetoxins (PbTx) are a class of cyclic polyether compounds produced by certain algae such as Karenia brevis. K. brevis can produce Brevetoxins in large quantities during an algae bloom which then pose a major health threat and are important to monitor and mitigate. Brevetoxins are the causative agent of Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP).
FDA and EPA safety levels in regulations and guidance – 0.8 mg/kg for clams, mussels, oysters, and whole and roe-on scallops, fresh, frozen, or canned. – National Shellfish Sanitation Program Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish.
Escherichia coli is one of many species of bacteria living in the lower intestines of mammals, known as gut flora. When located in the large intestine, it assists with waste processing, vitamin K production, and food absorption. Discovered in 1885 by Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician and bacteriologist, E. coli are abundant: the number of individual E. coli bacteria in the faeces that a human defecates in one day averages between 100 billion and 10 trillion. However, the bacteria are not confined to the environment, and specimens have also been located, for example, on the edge of hot springs. The E. coli strain O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium that causes illness in humans.
E. coli are unable to sporulate. Thus, treatments which kill all active bacteria, such as pasteurization or simple boiling, are effective for their eradication, without requiring the more rigorous sterilization which also deactivates spores. As a result of their adaptation to mammalian intestines, E. coli grow best in vivo or at the higher temperatures characteristic of such an environment, rather than the cooler temperatures found in soil and other environments.
The enteric E. coli (EC) are divided on the basis of virulence properties into enterotoxigenic (ETEC – causative agent of diarrhea in humans, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, and horses), enteropathogenic (EPEC – causative agent of diarrhea in humans, rabbits, dogs, cats and horses); enteroinvasive (EIEC – found only in humans), verotoxigenic (VTEC – found in pigs, cattle, dogs and cats); enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC – found in humans, cattle, and goats, attacking porcine strains that colonize the gut in a manner similar to human EPEC strains) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC – found only in humans).
E. coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a pathogen as a result of an outbreak of unusual gastrointestinal illness in 1982. The outbreak was traced to contaminated hamburgers, and the illness was similar to other incidents in the United States and Japan. The etiologic agent of the illness was identified as a rare O157:H7 serotype of Escherichia coli in 1983. This serotype had only been isolated once before, from a sick patient in 1975.
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Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target
Accurate controls to confirm findings
Extract total RNA (including microRNA) from FFPE samples
No phenol extraction step
Includes DNase for optional on-column DNA removal
Isolated RNA is of the highest quality and integrity
Isolate a diversity of RNA species
Purified RNA is suitable for a variety of downstream applications, including Small RNA Sequencing. Find out more information on Norgen’s NGS services
Purification is based on spin column chromatography that uses Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix
Norgen’s FFPE RNA Purification Kits provide a rapid method for the isolation and purification of total RNA (including microRNA) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples in as little as 1 hour. Using formalin to fix tissues leads to crosslinking of the RNA and proteins, and the process of embedding the tissue samples can also lead to fragmentation of the RNA over time. Norgen’s FFPE RNA Purification Kits provide conditions that allow for the partial reversing of the formalin modifications, resulting in a high quality and yield of RNA. These kits are able to purify all sizes of RNA, from large mRNA and ribosomal RNA down to microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), depending on the age of the FFPE tissue as fragmentation of the RNA is known to occur over time. The RNA is preferentially purified from other cellular components without the use of phenol or chloroform.
FFPE RNA Purification Kit (Spin Column)
Maximum loading volume of 650 μL per column, and a maximum binding capacity of 50 μg per column.
Purification is based on 96-well column chromatography using Norgen’s proprietary resin as the separation matrix. Purification can be performed using either a vacuum manifold or centrifugation. Maximum loading volume of 400 μL per well, and a maximum binding capacity of 50 μg per well.
5 slices of < 20 µm thick paraffin 25 mg of unsectioned block
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. The DNAse I should be stored at -20°C upon arrival. The Proteinase K should be stored at -20°C upon arrival and after reconstitution. This kit is stable for 1 year after the date of shipment.
CE-IVD marked version available for in vitro diagnostic use
Available in TaqMan format for analysis
Norovirus is a single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Caliciviridae family. Norovirus is considered the major causative agent of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. The main channel of transmittance is via contaminated food or water, as well as human-to-human contact. Most Noroviruses infecting humans belong to genogroup I and II (particularly genotype 4). Norovirus is very stable in the environment and is resistant to some surface disinfectants such as alcohols and detergents. Moreover, it is very difficult to culture Norovirus in vitro, making its identification by standard microbiological assays challenging.
NoV TaqMan RT-PCR Kit, 100 reactions
Ready to use format, including Master Mix for the target and PCR control to monitor for PCR inhibition and validate the quality
Specific Primer and Probe mix for the pathogen/virus/viroid of interest
Primer and Probe mix
Positive and negative control to confirm the integrity of the kit reagents
NoV TaqMan RT-PCR Probe/Primer Set and Controls, 100 reactions
Specific Primer/Probe mix and Positive Control for the pathogen/virus/viroid of interest
Nuclease-free water
Can be used together with Norgen’s RT-PCR Master Mix (#28113) or customer supplied master mix
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All kit components can be stored for 1 year after the date of production without showing any reduction in performance.
All kit components should be stored at -20°C upon arrival. Repeated thawing and freezing (> 2 x) of the Master Mix and Positive Control should be avoided, as this may affect the performance of the assay. If the reagents are to be used only intermittently, they should be frozen in aliquots.
