DBCO-PEG6-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
Detail
DBCO-PEG6-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
Other Products
Cylindrospermopsin Detection Kit (Rapid – Freshwater Streams and Source Water)
Product Info
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Product Info
Screening of Cylindrospermopsin in water samples at or above 30ppt
Format: 15 tests (5 samples at 2 dilutions/5 controls)
Attogene’ s Cylindrospermopsin Lateral Flow Kit can be used to detect Cylindrospermopsin in source water samples.
Format: Rapid-Water – Run Time: 30 Minutes, enough to run two samples (undiluted and a 10 fold dilution) and negative control.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanotoxin synthesized by select species of cyanobacteria, prominently including Cylindrospermopsin raciborskii. It belongs to the tricyclic alkaloid class, exhibiting a molecular weight of approximately 415 Da. Structurally, cylindrospermopsin features an uracil ring fused with a hydantoin moiety, alongside a guanidino group, attributes that render it highly soluble and polar in aqueous environments.
Cylindrospermopsin is notorious for its profound toxicity towards aquatic organisms and its potential threat to human health through exposure via contaminated water and food sources. Consequently, rigorous monitoring protocols are essential in regions prone to cyanobacterial blooms, where cylindrospermopsin can accumulate in freshwater reservoirs and other aquatic habitats. In recognition of these risks, regulatory bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have implemented an action level guideline. As of 2019, EPA 10-day drinking water health advisory for cylindrospermopsin recommended a threshold of 0.7 parts per billion (ppb), or 700 parts per trillion (ppt) for children under the age of six, and 3 parts per billion, 3000 parts per trillion for anyone older, to effectively manage cylindrospermopsin levels. This precautionary measure aims to uphold both environmental sustainability and public health integrity by minimizing exposure risks. The EPA has also drafted a human health recreational water quality criterion to protect human health at 8,000ppt.
Collagen is a fundamental component of the extracellular matrix, and the predominant protein in animals, constituting around 30% of total protein mass. A glycoprotein, it is well known for its triple helical structure. This is formed from three polypeptide α-chains with Gly-X-Y repeating residues (Gly for Glycine, X for proline, and Y for hydroxyproline).
Types of Collagen
Over 28 types of collagens have been identified, with Type I collagen being the most abundant. It’s prevalent in ligaments, tendons, skin, and bone tissue. Its mature, insoluble form grants it remarkable strength, making it vital for the mobility of organisms. Collagen also has biochemical functions, influencing cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
This version of the kit is designed to detect and measure INSOLUBLE forms of collagen. Chose our Sircol 2.0 collagen kit if you need to analyse SOLUBLE collagen.
Applications of Collagen
Collagen, with its diverse properties, finds utility in various industries. It plays a role in medicine for wound healing and has an expanding role in tissue engineering and cell culture for biomedical purposes. It’s gaining popularity in the cosmetic industry for skin rejuvenation and is used in chemical formulations and the food industry as a functional food supplement and additive.
How does the Sircol assay detect collagen?
Sircol dye reagent contains Sirius Red – a linear anionic dye with sulphonic acid side chain groups. Under assay conditions the Sircol dye binds the basic groups of soluble collagen molecules. Maximal binding occurs in collagens possessing intact triple helix organisation as the highly ordered Gly-X-Yn helical structure of tropocollagen further contributes to dye binding. This results in a high degree of dye-collagen specificity. Affinity is progressively reduced during heat denaturation 4ºC due to the unwinding of the triple helix and formation of random chains.
Overview of the Sircol assay process:
Step 1. Samples being assayed for insoluble collagen must first undergo a 2-3 hour pre-treatment with Sircol Fragmentation reagent. This converts insoluble collagen into water-soluble gelatin can then be assayed.
Step 2. Addition of Sircol Dye Reagent to these pre-treated insoluble collagen samples results in the formation of a denatured collagen-dye complex. This complex then precipitates during the dye incubation period and is subsequently isolated by centrifugation, followed by washing to remove unbound dye. The Denatured collagen-bound dye is then eluted and measured spectrophotometrically.
Step 3. The insoluble collagen content of unknown samples is quantified by comparison against a calibration curve prepared using a the denatured collagen standard supplied with the kit.
Assay range
100 – 1000 µg/ml
Limit of Detection
100µg/ml
Detection Method
Colorimetric Detection (556nm) (Endpoint)
Measurements per kit
110 in total (allows a maximum of 46 samples to be run in duplicate alongside a standard curve).
Suitable Samples
The assay can be used to assess the rate of production of newly laid down collagen fibres during periods of rapid growth, development, tissue repair, remodeling and wound healing. Sources of material includes tissues, bone and calcified tissue.
*Insoluble collagens must be converted into soluble form prior to assay. Instructions and regents are provided with the kit., depending on sample this will require prior salt/acid/acid-pepsin extraction.
**non-mammalian collagens may result in a reduced limit of detection. We recommend use of an assay standard matched to the species under assay.
Many customers have found that the straightforward sample processing and analysis of Sircol make it a good alternative to conventional hydroxyproline analysis.
Precautions
This kit is designed for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Kit requires access to a centrifuge, water bath / heated block, as well as a spectrophotometer/colorimeter capable of absorbance detection at 556nm. Specific sample preparation protocols may require customer to provide further reagents, consult assay manual for further information.
Sircol Insoluble Collagen kit contents:
1. Sircol Dye Reagent (1x110ml)
2. Denatured Collagen Reference Standard (1x5ml, 1.0mg/ml)
3. Acid-Salt Wash Reagent (1x20ml)
4. Fragmentation Reagent (1x110ml)
5. Alkali Reagent (1x110ml)
6. 2ml screw-cap tubes for preparation of samples.
7. Assay kit manual
NB: Additional reagents may be required for sample preparation prior to assay. Consult manual or contact us for further details.
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As collagens mature, they become increasingly crosslinked and insoluble – characteristics necessary for key biophysical role that collagen plays in living organisms. Biocolor’s Sircol™ INSOLUBLE Collagen Kit is a dye-binding assay designed for accurate quantification and measurement such collagens. It is ideal for analyzing crosslinked / insoluble collagens from sources such as tissues, bone, and calcified tissue.
