Description

Salmonella spp. are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. They are approximately 0.7 to 1.5 µm in diameter and 2 to 5 µm in length and responsible for a large number of cases of foodborne illness throughout the world. Salmonella have circular DNA genomes with a mean length of approximately 4530 kb, although this can vary by up 1000 kb. Salmonella classification is extremely complex, however, the genus is divided into two species: S. enterica and S.bongori. S. enterica is then itself divided into 6 biochemically distinct subspecies and the Salmonella genus is further classified into serovars (serotypes) based on the lipopolysaccharide (O), flagella protein (H), and sometimes the capsular (VI) antigens. There are more than 2500 known serovars and within a serovar there may be strains that differ in virulence.

Salmonella are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestines or gall bladder of many animals, being continuously or intermittently shed in the faeces. Humans can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with infected animals or animal faeces. In such instances the bacteria adhere to and enter the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxins produced by the bacteria can damage and kill the cells that line the intestines, which results in intestinal fluid loss. The bacteria can survive for weeks in a dry environment and far longer in water thus they are frequently present in polluted waters. Salmonella can also be carried latently in the mesenteric lymph nodes or tonsils; these bacteria are not shed, but can become reactivated after stress or immunosuppression. In addition, fomites and vectors can spread Salmonella and vertical transmission occurs in birds, with contamination of the vitalize membrane, albumen and possibly the yolk of eggs. Salmonella spp. can also be transmitted in utero in mammals.

There are two different disease conditions that are distinct to salmonellosis; gastroenteritis and enteric typhoid fever. The gastroenteritis is a nonsystemic infection of the intestinal tract and regional lymph nodes that gives rise to headache, muscle aches, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever, nausea and dehydration. In contrast, the enteric typhoid fever is a systemic disease in which the microorganism replicates within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The symptoms usually appear 6 to 72 hours after ingesting contaminated food although individuals can be infected with the bacteria without having symptoms. Those with and without symptoms shed the bacteria in their stool and it is important that personal hygiene be maintained at all times.

Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target Accurate controls to confirm findings

Description 

The PM5000 ExcelBand™ 3-color Pre-Stained Protein Ladder Regular Range is a ready-to-use three-color protein standard with 13 pre-stained proteins covering a wide range of molecular weights from 10 to 180 kDa in Tris-Glycine Buffer (9 to 170 kDa in Bis-Tris (MOPS) buffer and 10 to 170 kDa Bis-Tris (MES) buffer). Proteins are covalently coupled with different chromophores for easy identification of bands, with three reference proteins carrying enhanced intensity corresponding to a blue band at 20 kDa, green at 40 kDa, and red at 75 kDa, respectively, as separated on SDS-PAGE (Tris-Glycine buffer). The PM5000 ExcelBand™ 3-color Pre-Stained Protein Ladder Regular Range is designed for monitoring protein separation during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, verification of Western transfer efficiency on membranes (PVDF, nylon, or nitrocellulose) and for approximating the size of proteins.

Features

• Ready-to-use — Premixed with a loading buffer for direct loading, no need to boil.
• Three reference bands — 75 kDa (red), 40 kDa (green), and 20 kDa (blue)

Contents 

Approximately 0.1~0.4 mg/ml of each protein in the buffer (20 mM Tris-phosphate (pH 7.5 at 25°C), 2% SDS, 0.2 mM DTT, 3.6 M urea, and 15% (v/v) glycerol). 

Quality Control 

Under suggested conditions, PM5000 ExcelBand™ 3-color Pre-Stained Protein Ladder Regular Range resolves 13 major bands in SDS-PAGE (Tris-Glycine, MOPS, and MES buffer) and after Western blotting to nitrocellulose membrane. 

Storage

4°C for 3 months 
-20°C for long term storage

The PM5000 ExcelBand™ 3-color Pre-Stained Protein Ladder Regular Range is a ready-to-use three-color protein standard with 13 pre-stained proteins covering a wide range of molecular weights from 10 to 180 kDa in Tris-Glycine Buffer (9 to 170 kDa in Bis-Tris (MOPS) buffer and 10 to 170 kDa Bis-Tris (MES) buffer). Proteins are covalently coupled with different chromophores for easy identification of bands, with three reference proteins carrying enhanced intensity corresponding to a blue band at 20 kDa, green at 40 kDa, and red at 75 kDa, respectively, as separated on SDS-PAGE (Tris-Glycine buffer). The PM5000 ExcelBand™ 3-color Pre-Stained Protein Ladder Regular Range is designed for monitoring protein separation during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, verification of Western transfer efficiency on membranes (PVDF, nylon, or nitrocellulose) and for approximating the size of proteins.

Introduction

This product provides high quality purification of total DNA from whole blood, plasma, serum, buffy coat, or other body fluids, lymphocytes and cultured cells. There is no need to use toxic phenol chloroform extraction or time-consuming alcohol precipitation. The extraction process finish in 60 minutes. Purified DNA includes genomic DNA, mitochondrial DNA, viral DNA (e.g. HBV), or DNA from other parasitic microorganisms. The obtained DNA can be directly used in PCR, viral DNA detection and other experiments.

This kit can use on manual protocol or 96 channel automated extraction system.

Details

Specifications

Features	Specifications
Main Functions	Isolation total DNA from 200μl whole blood
Applications	PCR, southern bolt and virus detection, etc
Purification technology	Magnetic beads technology
Process method	Manual or automatic
Sample type	Anticoagulant blood, concentrated blood, buffy coat, lymphocytes and cultured cells
Sample amount	200μl
Elution volume	≥50μl
Time per run	≤60 minutes

Principle

This product is based on the purification method of high binding magnetic particles. The sample is lysed and digested under the action of lysate and Protease. DNA is released into the lysate. After adding magnetic particles and binding solution, DNA will be adsorbed on the surface of magnetic particles, and impurities such as proteins will be removed without adsorption. The adsorbed particles were washed with washing solution to remove proteins and impurities, washed with ethanol to remove salts, and finally DNA was eluted by Elution Buffer.

Advantages

• High binding force – suitable for handling DNA rich samples, such as whole blood, buffy coat, concentrated blood, etc.
• Fast – polydisperse magnetic beads, fast magnetic response and short extraction time
• High purity – the obtained DNA can be directly used for second-generation sequencing, PCR based detection, gene bank, etc.
• Automatic – saving time and labor and safer

Kit Contents

Contents	D631101	D631102	D631103
Purification Times	48	96	480
MagPure Particles	1.2 ml	2.5 ml	11 ml
Proteinase K	24 mg	50 mg	220 mg
Protease Dissolve Buffer	1.8 ml	5 ml	15 ml
Buffer AL	15 ml	30 ml	120 ml
Buffer GW1*	22 ml	53 ml	220 ml
Elution Buffer	15 ml	30 ml	100 ml

Storage and Stability

Proteinase K, MagPure Particles should be stored at 2-8°C upon arrival. However, short-term storage (up to 24 weeks) at room temperature (15-25°C) does not affect their performance. The remaining kit components can be stored dry at room temperature (15-25°C) and are stable for at least 18 months under these conditions. The entire kit can be stored at 2-8°C, but in this case buffers should be redissolved before use. Make sure that all buffers are at room temperature when used.

This product provides high quality purification of total DNA from whole blood, plasma, serum, buffy coat, or other body fluids, lymphocytes and cultured cells. There is no need to use toxic phenol chloroform extraction or time-consuming alcohol precipitation. The extraction process finish in 60 minutes. Purified DNA includes genomic DNA, mitochondrial DNA, viral DNA (e.g. HBV), or DNA from other parasitic microorganisms. The obtained DNA can be directly used in PCR, viral DNA detection and other experiments.

This kit can use on manual protocol or 96 channel automated extraction system.