Attogene’s Microcystin Test Kit (Rapid – Lab) can be used to detect microcystins in liquid samples.
• Format: 10 tests
• Run Time: 10 Minutes
The most frequently reported cyanobacterial toxins are the hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs). MCs are peptides with a molecular weight ranging from 900 to 1,100 Da. They consist of seven amino acids of which the two terminal amino acids of the linear peptide are condensed to form a cyclic compound.
A tiered notification system which takes different actions based on different numeric thresholds for microcytin-LR concentrations in recreational waters has been developed. This is guidance that allows states to take various actions—such as posting information about harmful algal blooms (HABs), issuing a recreational public health advisory, or temporarily closing recreational waters through a no contact advisory—depending on the severity of the bloom event.
Microcystin-LR
Informational sign postings about HABs at recreational waters: < 6 μg/L Recreational public health advisory: 6 μg/L Elevated recreational public health advisory (e.g. no contact): 20 μg/L
Postmeiotic Segregation Increased 2 (PMS2) is a DNA repair protein involved in mismatch repair. Mutations and deficiencies in the PMS2 gene have been linked to microsatellite instability, and malignancies such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Expression levels of the PMS2 protein may be useful as a screening tool for Lynch syndrome after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. Anti-PMS2 is recommended to be used as part of a panel along with antibodies against MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6.
Bioprocessing with Salt Active Nucleases – High Salt Conditions
Product Info
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Product Info
Bioprocessing with Salt Active Nucleases – High Salt Conditions
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For SAN HQ, SAN HQ ELISA Kit, and now SAN HQ GMP
SAN HQ GMP is biochemically identical to SAN HQ but produced under GMP conditions.
Applications
Purification of biologics from residual nucleic acids in biopharma manufacturing
Purification of recombinant proteins and enzymes for research and diagnostic use
Removal of unwanted nucleic acids contamination in molecular biology reagents in challenging conditions
Reduction of viscosity in biological samples during production and automation
Vaccine manufacturing and viral vector preparation
DNA removal in high-salt lysates
SAN HQ – Peak performance at high salt conditions
Salt Active Nuclease High Quality (SAN HQ) is a Bioprocessing Grade nuclease developed as the most efficient solution for removal of both single and double stranded DNA and RNA at high salt conditions.
This nonspecific endonuclease has peak activity at salt concentrations between 400 – 700 mM (Fig. 1)
Non-enveloped viruses like Adenoviruses and Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAV’s) are inherently more robust with two distinct advantages: 1) They exhibit higher tolerance to additives like salt and detergents and 2) their production often involves the lysis of host cells, allowing for harvesting non-secreted vectors.
For Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs), which are often harvested from crude cell lysate, the high salt tolerance of SAN HQ is particularly beneficial. Salt is typically added to such lysates to reduce viral aggregation, facilitating more effective nuclease action to digest residual DNA.
SAN HQ’s is engineered for optimum activity in these high salt environments ensuring that you achieve unparalleled DNA removal without compromising the integrity of these robust viral vectors.
Key Benefits
Optimized Residual DNA Removal: Ensures efficient degradation of residual DNA in high-salt conditions, meeting stringent quality requirements for biologics and vaccines.
Boosted AAV Vector Purification: Enhances the purification process for adeno-associated viral vectors in high-salt conditions, improving quality and yield.
Streamlined Workflow: Eliminates the need for desalting stages, simplifying the bioprocessing protocol and saving time and resources.
Enable High-Throughput Processes: Facilitates scale-up and automation by working effectively in high-salt environments, increasing operational throughput.
Potential Surge in Virus Yield: Operates under conditions that may boost the titer yield of AAV production, potentially enhancing overall viral yield.
Economized Enzyme Usage: Reduces the need for excess enzyme and additional process adjustments, resulting in significant cost savings.
Minimized Risk of Process Disruptions: Offers reliable performance in various high-salt bioprocessing conditions, reducing the likelihood of disruptions due to enzyme inhibition.
Reliability: Provides consistent enzyme activity in challenging high-salt conditions, adding a layer of predictability and dependability to your operations.
Broader Applicability: Versatile enough to be used in a wide range of viral vector systems, expanding your research and production capabilities.
Enhanced Viral Stability: High-salt levels stabilize viral vectors, and SAN HQ operates effectively in these conditions, maintaining high yield and quality.
Host Cell Lysis: Facilitates efficient lysis of host cells in high-salt conditions, optimizing the harvest of both secreted and non-secreted viral vectors.
Key Features
High purity (≥ 98%)
No protease detected
Supplied with extended product documentation
Compatible with SAN HQ ELISA
The Challenge in Removing Host Cell Chromatin Impurities
In bioprocessing, the primary role of a nuclease is to efficiently digest and fragment host-cell DNA into sufficiently small pieces, facilitating its removal during downstream processing. While most nucleases can effectively degrade naked DNA into tiny fragments under optimal conditions—as demonstrated by M-SAN HQ and SAN HQ, which can digest dsDNA into fragments smaller than 6 nt—the reality in bioprocessing is more complex. (See fig. 5)
The DNA targeted for removal often exists as chromatin, embedded in a complex matrix containing remnants of the lysed host cell as well as large amounts of the therapeutic product.The product may or may not have an affinity for the chromatin you aim to remove.
High salt is often applied to mitigate issues like aggregation. The real challenge lies in a nuclease’s ability to efficiently fragment chromatin under these more complicated, high-salt, conditions—not merely degrading naked DNA under ideal circumstances.
SAN HQ ELISA kit is developed for the detection and quantification of SAN HQ and SAN HQ GMP. The kit is designed as a classical sandwich ELISA, with two monoclonal antibodies specific towards SAN HQ nuclease (fig 6).
Features
Sensitive: 0.4 – 25.6 ng/ml
Precise: RSD ≤ 15%
Accurate: 100% ± 15%
Stability: 12 months when stored between +2°C to +8°C
Document
For SAN HQ, SAN HQ ELISA Kit, and now SAN HQ GMP SAN HQ GMP is biochemically identical to SAN HQ but produced under GMP conditions.
Mastitis is the single most costly disease of dairy cattle resulting in the reduction of milk yield and quality. The inflammation of the utter is mainly caused by bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus is often considered the most common cause of contagious mastitis in dairy herds. S. aureus infection is estimated to be present in up to 90% of dairy farms and is responsible for 35% of the economic loss in the dairy industry (Lee et al., 2005). S. aureus is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive bacterium. The majority of S. aureus strains are catalase-positive and coagulasepositive, which forms the basis of traditional identification methodology.
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All kit components can be stored for 2 years after the date of production without showing any reduction in performance.
All kit components should be stored at -20°C upon arrival.
