Competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Okadaic Acid (DSP) Format: 96-well microtiter plate (12 test strips of 8 wells) Okadaic acid is a potent neurotoxin and phosphatase inhibitor from dinoflagellate black sponges that are associated with seafood poisonings.
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Competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Okadaic Acid (DSP)
Format: 96-well microtiter plate (12 test strips of 8 wells)
Okadaic acid is a potent neurotoxin and phosphatase inhibitor from dinoflagellate black sponges that are associated with seafood poisonings.
Okadaic Acid (OA) is a one of the diarrhetic shellfish poisons (DSP) produced by dinoflagellate genera Dinophysis and Prorocentrum. There are several chemically different toxins associated with DSP.
They are lipophilic and polyether compounds and can be divided into three main groups:
Acidic toxins
Neutral toxins
Other toxins 2 Contamination of shellfish with OA has been associated with harmful algae blooms throughout the world.
In humans, DSP causes dose-dependent symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The action levels established by the FDA for OA is 200ppb. The EU has established a level of 160 ppb of OA or its equivalent.
The Attogene Okadaic acid ELISA kit enables international and government regulatory agencies, food manufacturers and processors, as well as quality assurance organizations to detect OA in food, feed, fish, and environmental samples of concern.
Okadaic acid is the causative agent of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP).
FDA and EPA Safety Levels in Regulations and Guidance – 0.16 mg/kg for Clams, mussels, oysters, and whole and roe-on scallops, fresh, frozen, or canned. – National Shellfish Sanitation Program Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish.
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Gel images of different ranges of library size selection. Sheared human genomic DNA was used as input.
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Library size selection is an enrichment of a specific range of library sizes for NGS library preparations. The NGS library preparation is related to the quality of the sequencing data. Precise NGS library size selection can increase sequencing efficiency, improve data quality, and reduce costs.
There are two types of sequencing technologies: short-read sequencing and long-read sequencing. Short-read sequencing uses DNA libraries that contain small insert DNA fragments of similar sizes, usually several hundred base pairs. The sequencing efficiency can be improved if the DNA size selection is in the right range. Cat.# 20104S and 20104L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 100 (PE100) sequencing with 100-200 bp library inserts; Cat.# 20105S and 20105L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 150 (PE150) sequencing with 150-300 bp library inserts; and Cat.# 20106S and 20106L are the best kits for NGS library size selection of illumina paired-end 300 (PE300) sequencing with 300-600 bp library inserts.
Long-read sequencing uses a large DNA fragment as input and makes very long reads. Usually, library size selection is preferred to remove smaller fragments. Cat.# 20110S and 20110L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >5 kb, and Cat.# 20111S and 20111L are the best kits for long-read sequencing size selection with DNA sizes >10 kb.
The magnetic beads, or SPRI (Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization) beads, is well used for the purification of DNA due to their reversible DNA binding. The NGS library can be size-selected by the magnetic beads or SPRI beads. The properties of the magnetic beads can be changed for a specific range of DNA binding. The contaminants and other unwanted components in the libraries can also be removed during size selection.
Specific ranges of NGS libraries can be selected using magnetic beads with different buffer compositions. The first DNA-beads binding step, also called the right-side clean-up, removes large NGS library fragments. The large NGS library fragments that bind to the beads are discarded with the beads pellet. The desired NGS library fragments in the supernatant are transferred to a new well, and new beads are added to the supernatant for the second beads-DNA binding, also called the left-side clean-up. After the rinsing step, the NGS library fragments with the dual selection are eluted in water or an appropriate buffer. The magnetic beads method has great advantages over time-consuming column purification and tedious gel-based purification.
NGS library size selection with dual clean-ups.
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Library size selection for long-read sequencing only requires a single clean-up. In this case, only the large library fragments are bound to the beads, while other small library fragments are discarded with the supernatant. The selected larger library fragments are eluted in water or an appropriate buffer after the rinsing step.
NGS library size selection with single clean-up for >5 kb and >10 kb libraries.
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