
Description
Specifications
Clone | IHC411 |
Source | Rabbit Monoclonal |
Positive Control | Tonsil, Lung Adenocarcinoma |
Dilution Range | 1:200 |
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 or B7 Homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a transmembrane protein involved in suppressing the immune system and rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8 T cell-mediated lysis through binding of the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor. Overexpression of PD-L1 may allow cancer cells to evade the actions of the host immune system. In renal cell carcinoma, upregulation of PD-L1 has been linked to increased tumor aggressiveness and risk of death, and, in ovarian cancer, higher expression of this protein has lead to significantly poorer prognosis. PD-L1 has also been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous melanoma. When considered in adjunct with CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, expression levels of PD-L1 may be a useful predictor of multiple cancer types, including stage III non-small cell lung cancer, hormone receptor negative breast cancer, and sentinel lymph node melanoma.
Clone | IHC411 |
Source | Rabbit Monoclonal |
Positive Control | Tonsil, Lung Adenocarcinoma |
Dilution Range | 1:200 |
The Urine Exosome Purification Kits provide a fast, reliable and convenient method to purify and enrich for pure intact exosomes from different urine sample volumes ranging from 250 µL to 30 mL. These kits also allow for the purification of intact extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different urine sample volumes, and these EVs are ready for any downstream application. The purification is based on Norgen’s proprietary resin.
These kits provide a clear advantage over other available methods since they do not require any special instrumentation, ultracentrifugation, precipitation reagents or any protease treatments. More importantly, the purified exosomes will not be contaminated with any other RNA-binding proteins that may contaminate your exosomal RNA, which is essential if studying exosomal RNA gene expression.
NanoSight® Analysis
Exosomes enriched with Norgen’s Urine Exosome Purification Kits can be analyzed using NanoSight® for assessing the approximate exosome size range and concentration.
Exosomal RNA Analysis
Exosomal RNA can be isolated using Norgen’s Exosomal RNA Isolation Kit from exosomes enriched using Norgen’s Urine Exosome Purification Kits for gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR, microarray or NGS and for Biomarker discovery.
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Kit Specifications | |
Urine Input (Cat. 57700) | 250 μL – 1 mL |
Urine Input (Cat. 57800) | 2 mL – 10 mL |
Urine Input (Cat. 57900) | 11 mL – 30 mL |
Size of Exosomes Purified | 40 nm – 150 nm |
Elution Volume | Variable depending on the urine input volume |
Time to Complete 10 Purifications | 15 – 30 minutes |
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. These kits are stable for 2 years after the date of shipment.
Important Note
Urine samples stored at -70°C, -20°C or at 4°C will develop some precipitation due to the aggregation of some of the highly abundant proteins in urine. Eliminating these precipitates using centrifugation or filtration may cause the loss of exosomes. Furthermore, these precipitates may affect the quality of the purified nucleic acid. We recommend the use of Norgen’s Urine Preservative when collecting urine samples, which is designed for the preservation of nucleic acids and proteins in fresh urine samples at ambient temperatures. The components of the Urine Preservative allow samples to be stored for over 2 years at room temperature with no detected degradation of urine DNA, RNA or proteins. Norgen’s Urine Preservative is available as a liquid format in Norgen’s Urine Preservative Single Dose Ampules, as well as in a dried format in Norgen’s Urine Collection and Preservation Tubes.
Component | Cat. 57700 (50 preps) | Cat. 57800 (25 preps) | Cat. 57900 (15 preps) |
---|---|---|---|
Slurry E | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL | 12.5 mL |
ExoC Buffer | 8 mL | 30 mL | 50 mL |
ExoR Buffer | 12 mL | 12 mL | 12 mL |
Mini Filter Spin Columns inserted into 2 mL tubes | 50 | 25 | 15 |
Product Insert | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Norgen’s EXTRAClean RNA Clean-Up and Concentration Micro-Elution Kit provides a rapid method for the purification, cleanup and concentration of up to 10 μg of RNA isolated using different methods including phenol/guanidine-based protocols, and from various upstream enzymatic reactions such as DNase treatment, labeling and in vitro transcription. The minimum recommended elution volume is 8 μL, which enables the concentration of small amounts of all sizes of RNA, from large mRNA and ribosomal RNA down to microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). The RNA is preferentially purified from other reaction components such as proteins, RNases and nucleotides, without the use of phenol or chloroform. The EXTRAClean columns undergo stringent processing and rigorous quality control measures to minimize contamination traces, ensuring optimal results for sensitive applications such as NGS. The purified RNA is of the highest integrity, and can be used in a number of downstream applications including end-point or quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection and primer extension, expression array assays and next generation sequencing.
Kit Specifications (Spin Column) | |
Maximum Column Binding Capacity | 10 μg |
Size of RNA Purified | All sizes, including miRNA and small RNA (< 200 nt) |
Maximum Amount of Starting Material | 10 μg of RNA |
Minimum Elution Volume | 8 μL |
Time to Complete 10 Purifications | 20 minutes |
Average Yields | ≥ 90% |
The Opentrons Flex Gripper GEN1 attaches to the gantry and is capable of moving labware across the deck and on or off modules such as the Magnetic Block or Thermocycler. It can also access the additional slots to the side of the main deck to replenish tips or labware. The gripper can be used with any pipette configuration.
Included with the gripper is a calibration pin that enables automatic calibration to ensure positional accuracy. Currently, the gripper is optimized for use with the following labware items:
– NEST 2 mL 96 Deep Well Plate, V bottom
– Opentrons Tough 0.2 mL 96-Well PCR Plate, Full Skirt
– NEST 96 Well Plate Flat
– All Opentrons Flex tip racks
The Opentrons Flex Gripper GEN1 attaches to the gantry and is capable of moving labware across the deck and on or off modules such as the Magnetic Block or Thermocycler. It can also access the additional slots to the side of the main deck to replenish tips or labware. The gripper can be used with any pipette configuration.
Included with the gripper is a calibration pin that enables automatic calibration to ensure positional accuracy. Currently, the gripper is optimized for use with the following labware items:
– NEST 2 mL 96 Deep Well Plate, V bottom
– Opentrons Tough 0.2 mL 96-Well PCR Plate, Full Skirt
– NEST 96 Well Plate Flat
– All Opentrons Flex tip racks
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