Salmonella spp. are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. They are approximately 0.7 to 1.5 µm in diameter and 2 to 5 µm in length and responsible for a large number of cases of foodborne illness throughout the world. Salmonella have circular DNA genomes with a mean length of approximately 4530 kb, although this can vary by up 1000 kb. Salmonella classification is extremely complex, however, the genus is divided into two species: S. enterica and S.bongori. S. enterica is then itself divided into 6 biochemically distinct subspecies and the Salmonella genus is further classified into serovars (serotypes) based on the lipopolysaccharide (O), flagella protein (H), and sometimes the capsular (VI) antigens. There are more than 2500 known serovars and within a serovar there may be strains that differ in virulence.
Salmonella are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestines or gall bladder of many animals, being continuously or intermittently shed in the faeces. Humans can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with infected animals or animal faeces. In such instances the bacteria adhere to and enter the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxins produced by the bacteria can damage and kill the cells that line the intestines, which results in intestinal fluid loss. The bacteria can survive for weeks in a dry environment and far longer in water thus they are frequently present in polluted waters. Salmonella can also be carried latently in the mesenteric lymph nodes or tonsils; these bacteria are not shed, but can become reactivated after stress or immunosuppression. In addition, fomites and vectors can spread Salmonella and vertical transmission occurs in birds, with contamination of the vitalize membrane, albumen and possibly the yolk of eggs. Salmonella spp. can also be transmitted in utero in mammals.
There are two different disease conditions that are distinct to salmonellosis; gastroenteritis and enteric typhoid fever. The gastroenteritis is a nonsystemic infection of the intestinal tract and regional lymph nodes that gives rise to headache, muscle aches, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever, nausea and dehydration. In contrast, the enteric typhoid fever is a systemic disease in which the microorganism replicates within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The symptoms usually appear 6 to 72 hours after ingesting contaminated food although individuals can be infected with the bacteria without having symptoms. Those with and without symptoms shed the bacteria in their stool and it is important that personal hygiene be maintained at all times.
Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target
Accurate controls to confirm findings
Compact and stylish designed, the BioShake XP high-speed microplate mixer lets you perform all your standard mixing runs with a minimum of adjustments. The XP offers outstanding performance to handle a wide range of applications across biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic research.
Mixing tasks in microplates can be realized fast & safe with using adjustable speed of 200 up to 3,000 rpm.
The BioShake mixing-technology is obviously more robust, vibration free and needs less maintenance compared to classical mixers.
The first-class finished aluminium housing gives the BioShake XP its essential functionality. It provides a high amount of security, device stability and ensures a long service life.
German designed and manufactured, BioShake XP plate mixer offer an ultra-efficient, 2-dimensional shaking axis so that samples mix completely in a fraction of the time of competing systems.
The mixing orbit of 2.0 mm is always constant. The orbital shaking is precisely controlled, in fact, that you need never spin down your plates after mixing. Even tubes, vials, high density plates, or low sample volumes, offer no obstacle for these precision tools.
Fully adjustable between 200 rpm and 3,000 rpm, well beyond the speeds of most other brands, guarantees fast, splatter-free, mixing for tubes, glass vials or across an entire 384-well microplate.
The BioShake XP is operated from the front face of the enclosure which includes touch buttons and a display.
Special buttons for start, stop and storage of time and mixing modes enable the instrument to run complex applications. This opens new points of view on the daily laboratory work and optimizes routine application enormously.
The short mix button allows short and fast mixing in between.
The two line LCD display guarantees simultaneous and safe reading of all programmed and measured parameters as time and mixing frequency.
In the corners eight spring clamps are inserted for easy fixation of skirted microplates and deep well plates in SBS format 127.7 x 85.5 mm without an attached adapter. These spring clamps lock the microplate quickly and safely, even at the highest mixing frequencies.
For flexible and deformable PCR plates we recommend using of the related PCR adapter.
Fast mixing processes with frequent plate changes can be performed in the routine as easy and safe.
Unique and efficient design combined with the most compact housing result in beautiful and well-defined laboratory equipment. Therefore, the first-class finished aluminium housing gives the BioShake XP its essential functionality. It provides a high amount of security, device stability and ensures a long service life.
Safety of the user and ease of use are clearly a priority for us.
The BioShake XP comes with a variety of standardized and specific adapter plates. The replacement of the adapters are very simple.
Perfect shaped adapters allow an optimal fit for standard tubes, lysis tubes, microplates, glass vials and other sample vessels.
A perfectly harmonious blend of high-tech and handmade. “Made in Germany” has always been a recipe for success for QInstruments. 100% of QInstruments production takes place in Germany.
The focus is on human diligence and on being environmentally friendly. The company upholds its quality guarantee by means of consistent quality management. For more than 15 years these lab automation professionals from Jena have used only high-quality materials to ensure sustainable production, applied innovative thinking and undertaken research in a future-oriented way – all as a matter of course.
Ideal for microplates & PCR plates
High-precision mixing from 200 up to 3,000 rpm
Universal spring clamps for easy fixation
Wide range of adapters
Stylish, fire resistant aluminium housing
Magnetic Beads (tRNA Purification)
Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization magnetic beads has been used for nucleic acids purification because they are effective, simple, and fast. The carboxyl groups coated beads are paramagnetic particles that reversibly bind to nucleic acid. However, there is a drawback for magnetic beads that it can only purify DNA/RNA that are 100 base pairs or longer. tRNA and other DNA/RNA fragments shorter than 100 base pairs are not effectively recovered. We have developed Magnetic Beads (tRNA Purification) to overcome the hurdle.
The Magnetic Beads (tRNA Purification) solves the tRNA and short DNA/RNA purification problem. The beads with our proprietary technology purify tRNA effectively by removing impurities and unwanted components such as dNTPs, detergents, salts, proteins, and other contaminants. The magnetic bead reagents can be used for oligo (>70 nt) applications.
Workflow without large RNA/DNA contamination
In the case of samples contaminated with RNA/DNA such as rRNA and DNA, our magnetic beads can effectively remove RNA/DNA that are 180 nt and larger. Purified tRNA are ideal for applications requiring high quality, as the fragments are free of impurities and contaminants.
Workflow with large RNA/DNA contamination
Comparison of tRNA and 70 nt oligos recovery. BioDynami beads (tRNA purification) successfully recovered DNA fragments both yeast tRNA and 70 nt oligos.
Recovery of tRNA and 70 nt oligos with BioDynami magnetic Beads (tRNA Purification). Yeast tRNA and 70 nt oligos were used as input. Input and recovered oligos were quantified with ssDNA Quantification kit (BioDynami Cat. # 40043) and RNA Quantification kit (BioDynami Cat. # 40044).
Depletion of larger RNAs. Left panel: depletion of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA. Right panel: depletion of RNA of 180 nt and larger.
Features
Removal of unwanted components and other impurities
Purification of tRNA and oligos (>70 nt)
tRNA
RNA fragments 70 nt or longer
DNA/RNA hybrid fragments 70 nt or longer
Oligo and chimeric oligo 70 nt or longer
dsDNA fragments 70 bp or longer
ssDNA fragments 70 nt or longer
Removal of larger RNA/DNA contamination:
18S rRNA
28S rRNA
RNA/DNA> 180 nt
Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization magnetic beads has been used for nucleic acids purification because they are effective, simple, and fast. The carboxyl groups coated beads are paramagnetic particles that reversibly bind to nucleic acid. However, there is a drawback for magnetic beads that it can only purify DNA/RNA that are 100 base pairs or longer. tRNA and other DNA/RNA fragments shorter than 100 base pairs are not effectively recovered. We have developed Magnetic Beads (tRNA Purification) to overcome the hurdle.
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Tel : 081-875-1869 , 02-328-7179
Email : hej@a3p-scientific.com
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