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All Pathogenic Salmonella Species

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Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target Accurate controls to confirm findings

Detail

Description

Salmonella spp. are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. They are approximately 0.7 to 1.5 µm in diameter and 2 to 5 µm in length and responsible for a large number of cases of foodborne illness throughout the world. Salmonella have circular DNA genomes with a mean length of approximately 4530 kb, although this can vary by up 1000 kb. Salmonella classification is extremely complex, however, the genus is divided into two species: S. enterica and S.bongori. S. enterica is then itself divided into 6 biochemically distinct subspecies and the Salmonella genus is further classified into serovars (serotypes) based on the lipopolysaccharide (O), flagella protein (H), and sometimes the capsular (VI) antigens. There are more than 2500 known serovars and within a serovar there may be strains that differ in virulence.

Salmonella are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestines or gall bladder of many animals, being continuously or intermittently shed in the faeces. Humans can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with infected animals or animal faeces. In such instances the bacteria adhere to and enter the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxins produced by the bacteria can damage and kill the cells that line the intestines, which results in intestinal fluid loss. The bacteria can survive for weeks in a dry environment and far longer in water thus they are frequently present in polluted waters. Salmonella can also be carried latently in the mesenteric lymph nodes or tonsils; these bacteria are not shed, but can become reactivated after stress or immunosuppression. In addition, fomites and vectors can spread Salmonella and vertical transmission occurs in birds, with contamination of the vitalize membrane, albumen and possibly the yolk of eggs. Salmonella spp. can also be transmitted in utero in mammals.

There are two different disease conditions that are distinct to salmonellosis; gastroenteritis and enteric typhoid fever. The gastroenteritis is a nonsystemic infection of the intestinal tract and regional lymph nodes that gives rise to headache, muscle aches, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever, nausea and dehydration. In contrast, the enteric typhoid fever is a systemic disease in which the microorganism replicates within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The symptoms usually appear 6 to 72 hours after ingesting contaminated food although individuals can be infected with the bacteria without having symptoms. Those with and without symptoms shed the bacteria in their stool and it is important that personal hygiene be maintained at all times.

Other Products

OT-2 HEPA Module

The Opentrons HEPA Module enables you to run sensitive contamination-prone applications. It removes 99.99% of 0.3 μm DNA-containing particulates and biological contaminants like bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms from the air, creating a clean work environment inside the OT-2.

The Opentrons HEPA Module comes in two different voltages. Your account manager will help you choose the correct one for your geographic region.

GeneAb™ CD44

Description

Specifications

CloneIHC044
SourceMouse Monoclonal
Positive ControlBenign Urothelium
Dilution Range1:200

Urine DNA Isolation Kits

Overview

  • Rapid isolation of both small and large species of DNA from urine
  • Convenient spin column format
  • Effective removal of PCR inhibitors
  • Purified DNA is highly suited to sensitive downstream applications
  • Allows for the purification of viral DNA from urine

Both high molecular weight DNA (greater than 1 kb in size; mostly cell associated) and the smaller DNA (150 – 250 bp; derived from the circulation) is effectively isolated and purified using a rapid and convenient spin column protocol. This kit can be used to isolate DNA from a broad range of viruses in urine as well. Salts, metabolic wastes, proteins and other contaminants are removed to yield inhibitor-free DNA for use in sensitive applications. The DNA is of excellent quality for various downstream applications such as PCR, qPCR and DNA fingerprinting, methylation studies and more.

This kit is fully compatible with Norgen’s Urine Collection and Preservation Tubes.

Urine DNA Isolation Kit

This kit provides a fast, reliable and simple procedure for isolating DNA from urine volumes ranging from 50 μL to 1.75 mL of urine. Multiple samples can be processed in 30 minutes.

Urine DNA Isolation Kit (Slurry Format)

This kit provides a fast, reliable and simple procedure for isolating DNA from urine volumes ranging from 3 mL to 25 mL. Multiple samples can be processed in 30 minutes. Multiple samples can be processed in 45 minutes.

Urine DNA Isolation Maxi Kit (Slurry Format)

This kit provides a fast, reliable and simple procedure for isolating DNA from urine volumes ranging from 25 mL of urine up to 80 mL. Multiple samples can be processed in 45 minutes.

Background

DNA found in urine can be divided into 2 basic categories. The larger species, genomic-DNA (gDNA), is generally greater than 1 kb in size, and appears to be derived mainly from exfoliated cells. The second species is smaller, generally between 150 and 250 bp (apoptotic-DNA), and derives, at least in part, from the circulation. The second species is also considered as an RNA/DNA hybrid as reported by Halicka et al. (2000). Both types of DNA can be isolated reliably using this kit.

Details

Supporting Data

Figure 1 / 8

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Figure 1. A Typical Agarose Gel Showing Total Urinary DNA
Figure 1. A Typical Agarose Gel Showing Total Urinary DNA
Figure 2. Isolation and Detection of DNA from 1.75 mL Urine Samples
Figure 3. Circulating DNA Isolated from Urine
Figure 4. Isolation of Total Urinary DNA from Different Urine Volumes
Figure 5. Isolation and Detection of DNA from Different Urine Volumes
Figure 6. Highly Sensitive Isolation of Viral DNA
Figure 7. Total Urinary DNA Isolated from Different Urine Volumes
Figure 8. Linear Decrease of Ct Values with Increasing Urine Input

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Kit Specifications
Minimum Urine Input25 mL
Maximum Urine Input80 mL
Time to Complete Purification< 45 minutes
Size of Urine DNA PurifiedLarge (> 1 kb) and small (150-250 bp)

Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment. It is recommended to warm up Lysis Buffer A for 20 minutes at 60°C if any salt precipitation is observed.

ComponentCat. 18100 (50 preps)Cat. 48800 (50 preps)Cat. 50100 (50 preps)
Binding Solution K15 mL
Slurry B118 mL18 mL
Proteinase K in Storage Buffer2 mL
Pronase K in Storage Buffer2 mL
Soluton WN9 mL
Binding Buffer A50 mL
Lysis Buffer A30 mL30 mL
Wash Solution A38 mL38 mL
Wash Solution B30 mL
Wash Solution D9 mL
Binding Solution K15 mL
Elution Buffer B15 mL15 mL15 mL
Micro Spin Columns50
Mini Filter Spin Columns5050
Collection Tubes505050
Elution Tubes (1.7 mL)100100100
Product Insert111