DBCO-PEG12-Maleimide

Description

Salmonella spp. are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. They are approximately 0.7 to 1.5 µm in diameter and 2 to 5 µm in length and responsible for a large number of cases of foodborne illness throughout the world. Salmonella have circular DNA genomes with a mean length of approximately 4530 kb, although this can vary by up 1000 kb. Salmonella classification is extremely complex, however, the genus is divided into two species: S. enterica and S.bongori. S. enterica is then itself divided into 6 biochemically distinct subspecies and the Salmonella genus is further classified into serovars (serotypes) based on the lipopolysaccharide (O), flagella protein (H), and sometimes the capsular (VI) antigens. There are more than 2500 known serovars and within a serovar there may be strains that differ in virulence.

Salmonella are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestines or gall bladder of many animals, being continuously or intermittently shed in the faeces. Humans can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with infected animals or animal faeces. In such instances the bacteria adhere to and enter the cells of the intestinal epithelium. The toxins produced by the bacteria can damage and kill the cells that line the intestines, which results in intestinal fluid loss. The bacteria can survive for weeks in a dry environment and far longer in water thus they are frequently present in polluted waters. Salmonella can also be carried latently in the mesenteric lymph nodes or tonsils; these bacteria are not shed, but can become reactivated after stress or immunosuppression. In addition, fomites and vectors can spread Salmonella and vertical transmission occurs in birds, with contamination of the vitalize membrane, albumen and possibly the yolk of eggs. Salmonella spp. can also be transmitted in utero in mammals.

There are two different disease conditions that are distinct to salmonellosis; gastroenteritis and enteric typhoid fever. The gastroenteritis is a nonsystemic infection of the intestinal tract and regional lymph nodes that gives rise to headache, muscle aches, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever, nausea and dehydration. In contrast, the enteric typhoid fever is a systemic disease in which the microorganism replicates within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The symptoms usually appear 6 to 72 hours after ingesting contaminated food although individuals can be infected with the bacteria without having symptoms. Those with and without symptoms shed the bacteria in their stool and it is important that personal hygiene be maintained at all times.

Exceptional value for money
Rapid detection of all clinically relevant subtypes
Positive copy number standard curve for quantification
Highly specific detection profile
High priming efficiency
Broad dynamic detection range (>6 logs)
Sensitive to < 100 copies of target Accurate controls to confirm findings

Overview

• Isolate all sizes of RNA, including microRNA, irrespective of size or GC content, without bias.
• ​Versatile sample input ranges
• Isolate all sizes of free-circulating RNA, including microRNA
• The purified exosomal RNA is free from any circulating RNA-binding proteins
• No phenol extractions, Proteinase K treatment, nor carrier RNA
• No time-consuming ultracentrifugation, filtration nor special syringes are required
• No precipitation reagents, nor overnight incubation required
• Concentrate isolated exosomal RNA and are free-circulating RNA into a flexible elution volume ranging from 50 µL to 100 µL
• Purification is based on spin column chromatography that uses Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix

These kits provide a fast, reliable and convenient method to sequentially isolate and concentrate exosomal RNA as well as Free-Circulating RNA from different plasma/serum sample volumes. The purification is based on spin column chromatography that employs Norgen’s proprietary resin. These kits are designed to isolate all sizes of RNA, including microRNA as well as all sizes of the free-circulating protein-bound RNA, including microRNA. These kits provide a clear advantage over other available kits in that they do not require any special instrumentation, protein precipitation reagents, extension tubes, phenol/chloroform or protease treatments. Moreover, these kits allow the user to elute into a flexible elution volume ranging from 50 µL to 100 µL. The RNA isolated from the purified exosomes is free from any protein-bound circulating RNA and is of the highest integrity. Moreover, the free-circulating, protein-bound, RNA is free from any exosomal RNA. The purified RNA can be used in a number of downstream applications including real time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection and primer extension, and expression array assays.

Plasma/Serum Exosome and Free-Circulating RNA Isolation Mini Kit

For sample volumes ranging from 50 µL to 1 mL.

Plasma/Serum Exosome and Free-Circulating RNA Isolation Midi Kit

For sample volumes ranging from 1 mL to 4 mL.

Plasma/Serum Exosome and Free-Circulating RNA Isolation Maxi Kit

For sample volumes ranging from 4 mL to 10 mL.

Details

Supporting Data

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Kit Specifications
Minimum Plasma Input	50 μL
Maximum Plasma Input	1 mL
Size of RNA Purified	All sizes, including miRNA and small RNA (< 200 nt)
Elution Volume	50 – 100 µL
Time to Complete 10 Purifications	35 – 40 minutes
Average Yields*	Variable depending on specimen

*Please check page 5 of the product insert for the average yields and the common RNA quantification methods

Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment. It is recommended to warm Lysis Buffer A for 20 minutes at 60°C if any salt precipitation is observed.

Important Note
This kit is suitable for the purification of exosomes from fresh or frozen serum or plasma prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate. Plasma samples prepared from blood collected on heparin should not be used as heparin can significantly interfere with many downstream applications such as RT-PCR.

Component	Cat. 59500 (50 preps)	Cat. 59600 (25 preps)	Cat. 59700 (15 preps)
Slurry E	12.5 mL	12.5 mL	12.5 mL
ExoC Buffer	8 mL	8 mL	2 x 8 mL
ExoR Buffer	12 mL	12 mL	12 mL
Lysis Buffer A	2 x 20 mL	2 x 20 mL	2 x 20 mL
Lysis Additive B	2 mL	2 mL	2 mL
Wash Solution A	2 x 18 mL	18 mL	18 mL
Elution Solution A	2 x 6 mL	6 mL	6 mL
Mini Filter Spin Columns	50	25	15
Mini Spin Columns	100	50	30
Collection Tubes	100	50	30
Elution Tubes (1.7 mL)	100	50	30
Product Insert	1	1	1

The Opentrons Heater-Shaker Module, compatible with both the OT-2 and Flex robots, provides on-deck heating and orbital shaking of microplates. The module can be heated to 95C, and can shake samples from 200 to 3000 rpm. It is compatible with a number of deep-well and 96-well plates. The Heater-Shaker can be used simultaneously with other Opentrons modules.

The Heater-Shaker GEN1 is compatible with the new Opentrons Flex Robot when paired with the Flex Heater-Shaker Caddy and Calibration Adapter. The caddy sits below the deck to enable below-deck cable routing and labware placed on modules remain closer to the deck surface. The calibration adapter is used to calibrate the location of the module. If you choose to include the Opentrons Flex Caddy and Calibration Adapter, your order will ship in 20 business days.

The Opentrons Heater-Shaker Module, compatible with both the OT-2 and Flex robots, provides on-deck heating and orbital shaking of microplates. The module can be heated to 95C, and can shake samples from 200 to 3000 rpm. It is compatible with a number of deep-well and 96-well plates. The Heater-Shaker can be used simultaneously with other Opentrons modules.

The Heater-Shaker GEN1 is compatible with the new Opentrons Flex Robot when paired with the Flex Heater-Shaker Caddy and Calibration Adapter. The caddy sits below the deck to enable below-deck cable routing and labware placed on modules remain closer to the deck surface. The calibration adapter is used to calibrate the location of the module. If you choose to include the Opentrons Flex Caddy and Calibration Adapter, your order will ship in 20 business days.