The Glycerol GK test kit is a simple, reliable and accurate method for the measurement and analysis of glycerol in beverages, foodstuffs and other material. Based on use of ADP-glucokinase and increase in absorbance on conversion of NAD+ to NADH.
Short term stability: 2-8oC, Long term stability: See individual component labels
Stability:
> 2 years under recommended storage conditions
Analyte:
Glycerol
Assay Format:
Spectrophotometer, Microplate, Auto-analyser
Detection Method:
Absorbance
Wavelength (nm):
340
Signal Response:
Increase
Linear Range:
1.0 to 35 µg of glycerol per assay
Limit of Detection:
0.37 mg/L
Reaction Time (min):
~ 7 min
Application examples:
Wine (and grape juice), beer, spirits, vinegar, marzipan, fruit juices, soft drinks, toothpaste, honey, tobacco, paper (and cardboard), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soap and other materials (e.g. biological cultures, samples, etc.).
Method recognition:
Novel method
The Glycerol GK test kit is a simple, reliable and accurate method for the measurement and analysis of glycerol in beverages, foodstuffs and other material. Based on use of ADP-glucokinase and increase in absorbance on conversion of NAD+ to NADH.
Note for Content: The number of manual tests per kit can be doubled if all volumes are halved. This can be readily accommodated using the MegaQuantTM Wave Spectrophotometer (D-MQWAVE).
Extended cofactors stability. Dissolved cofactors stable for > 1 year at 4oC.
Novel tablet format for increased stability
Very competitive price (cost per test)
All reagents stable for > 2 years as supplied
Very rapid reaction
Positive reaction (assay proceeds with an increase in absorbance)
Mega-Calc™ software tool is available from our website for hassle-free raw data processing
Standard included
Suitable for manual, microplate and auto-analyser formats
Other Products
NGS Low Input DNA Library Prep Kit (illumina and MGI Platforms)
Product Info
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Product Info
The NGS Low Input DNA Library Prep Kit (illumina and MGI Platforms) was developed for construction of high quality NGS libraries with low input DNA amount from 1 ng to 400 ng. The kit allows scientist to study samples with limited DNA such as tumor samples, patient samples, and other specially collected samples (FACS sorting etc.). The kit has high library conversion efficiency with as little as 1 ng DNA input. The fast and simple 1.5-hour protocol makes libraries with even coverage and low GC-bias based our unique chemistry for DNA end-polishing and ligation.
The kit needs double strand DNA fragments (blunt and/or sticky) as input DNA for NGS library preparation, and is compatible with DNA fragments generated from both enzymatic approach (for example, BioDynami DNA fragmentation enzymes, Cat.# 40061 and Cat.# 40062) and mechanical approaches such as sonication and nebulization etc.
NGS Low Input DNA Library Prep Kit Workflow
Three index types are available for the NGS Low Input DNA Library Prep Kit of illumina platform:
Non-index (Cat.# 30022): Libraries do not have index.
Index (Cat.# 30024): Each of our index primers contains a unique barcode sequence with 6 bases that can be used to identify the low input DNA libraries. Library multiplexing up to 48 samples is possible. Index information can be downloaded here.
Unique dual index (Cat.# 30025): Library multiplexing up to 96 low input DNA libraries is possible with unique dual indexes with our Four-Base Difference Index System. The system allows us to make indexes for the libraries that have at least 4 bases different from each other in the 8-base barcode length. Our unique dual index primers can reduce sequencing errors such as de-multiplexing errors, amplification errors, mis-assignment of reads, index cross-contamination, and also index hopping. The kit includes 96 pre-mixed unique pairs of index primers. Index information can be downloaded here.
Indexes are available for the MGI platform kits (Cat.# 34024).
Kit advantages:
Fast protocol
The hands-on time is only 10 minutes
The total protocol time is around 1.5 hours
Simple procedure
Ready-to-use master mix makes it simple for reaction setup
Less reaction components
Less magnetic beads required for cleanup steps: Save the cost more than 50%
Low input DNA amount: Starts from 1 ng of DNA
Comparison of library conversion efficiency under the same NGS library preparation condition. Input DNA amounts are 1 ng and 10 ng, respectively. DNA was mechanical sheared with Covaris before library prep. BioDynami kit: NGS Low Input DNA Library Prep Kit (Cat. #30022).
Comparison of library yield under the same NGS library prep condition. Input DNA amounts are 1 ng, 10 ng, and 100 ng. DNA was mechanical sheared with Covaris before library prep. BioDynami kit (Cat. #30022). PCR cycle numbers were indicated.
DBCO-Sulfo-NHS ester is a water-soluble sulfocated reagent containing DBCO moiety. It can be used for simple and efficient labeling of antibodies, proteins and any other primary amine-bearing macromolecules with DBCO moiety in 100% aqueous buffers. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
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DBCO-Sulfo-NHS ester is a water-soluble sulfocated reagent containing DBCO moiety. It can be used for simple and efficient labeling of antibodies, proteins and any other primary amine-bearing macromolecules with DBCO moiety in 100% aqueous buffers. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.
Apoptosis is an essentially normal physiological process that removes now redundant, cells, particularly during embryonic development and early growth. In adult animals the process removes cells that are irreparable. The apoptotic process is also involved in many major diseases such as cancer, where transformed tumour cells have their apoptotic process disabled, permitting cell cycling to continue unchecked. In contrast some forms of senile dementia may result from excessive apoptotic induction of neural cells.
The apoptotic process in mammalian cells is a rapid event (2‐4 hours). Within this short time span an apparently viable cell can be quietly dismantled, to disappear leaving no visible trace of its former existence.
How is apoptosis detected or measured?
An apoptosis cascade of activators, effectors and regulators has been identified. This in turn led to a range of apoptosis assays being devised to detect and monitor these events. Some laboratories will employ two distinct assays, one selected to detect early (initiation) apoptotic events, while a second assay will target a later (execution) event. Apoptosis assays, based on methodology, can be classified into four major inter‐linked groups:
[1] DNA fragmentation (electrophoresis and nick end labelling, TUNEL).
[2] Apoptotic proteases (fluorescently labelled antibodies to the caspases).
[3] Flow cytometric analysis (FACS, incorporating other group assays).
Biocolor’s APOPercentage assay is based on the latter. Further information can be found under the ‘Mode of Action’ Tab.
How does APOPercentage detect apoptosis?
The mammalian cell membrane has been described as a semi‐fluid mosaic structure, composed of phospholipids with a diverse group of inserted proteins and some cholesterol. The phospholipids are the major components of the membrane and are arranged in the form of a ‘bi‐layer’; which is asymmetric in composition, structure, and function.
To ensure normal transmembrane functions the phospholipids must be maintained in an asymmetric composition. The process is regulated by ‘flippases’, which catalyse the active transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to inner monolayer. However, in cells undergoing apoptosis, flippase is overwhelmed by the action of another enzyme, termed ‘floppase’ or ‘scramblase’. The net effect is a scrambling of the phospholipid distribution between the inner and outer monolayers.
Cell membrane changes during apoptosis
The APOPercentage assay utilises an intense, pink-coloured dye reagent which is taken up during in-vitro culture by apoptosis-committed cells. This uptake occurs at the stage of Phosphatidylserine transmembrane movement, as produced by the flipflop mechanism. Dye uptake continues until blebbing occurs. No further dye can then enter the now defunct cell and the dye that has accumulated within the cell is not released (unlike necrotic cells which release dye).
Since the dye reagent is excluded or not retained by healthy or necrotic cells it therefore acts as a specific label for apoptotic cells.
How are APOPercentage-labelled cells quantified?
Labelled apoptosis cells may then by conveniently analysed by the following methods:
Direct Analysis The intense pink colour of the labelled cells can be visually assessed using brightfield microscopy. Apoptosis in substrate-adherent cell populations is therefore readily quantified using image analysis techniques. This technique is the most sensitive with the ability of detecting one single apoptotic cell per well.
Colorimetry protocol Dye that accumulates within apoptotic cells is released into solution via addition of Dye Release Reagent. The concentration of this intracellular dye is then measured at 550nm using a microplate colorimeter/spectrophotometer.
NB: The APOPercentage assay kit does NOT require the use of a Flow Cytometer.
Limit of Detection
A single cell (via image analysis method)
Detection Method
Colorimetric (550nm) (Endpoint) or Image Analysis based
Measurements per kit
Sufficient for 4×24 well plates or 6×96 well plates
Suitable Samples
Adherent mammalian cells (in-vitro)
APOPercentage kit contents:
1. APOPercentage Dye (1x5ml)
2. Dye Release Reagent (1x150ml)
3. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (1x120ml)
4. 24-well starter plate.
5. Assay kit manual.
The Colorimetric Protocol requires a Microplate Colorimeter / Spectrophotometer.
Additional 96-well plates will be required for use when reading dye absorbance values.
The Direct Detection Protocol Requires an inverted stage microscope with an attached digital camera.
NB: Additional reagents (typically culture medium and suitable apoptosis treatments) may be required for sample preparation prior to assay. Consult manual or contact us for further details.
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The APOPercentage™ Apoptosis kit is a dye-based, colorimetric assay for detection and measurement of apoptosis (programmed cell death) during in-vitro cell culture.
