Propargyl-PEG12-amine

Introduction

Usages:
For isolating lactose-fermenting Gram-negative enteric bacilli.

Principle:
Peptones are sources of nitrogen and other nutrients. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate. When lactose is fermented, alocal pH drop around the colony causes a color change in the pH indicator (neutral red) and bile precipitation. Bile salts,bile salts no. 3, oxgall and crystal violet are selective agents that inhibit growth of gram-positive organisms. Agar is the solidifying agent.

Formulation（per liter）:

How to use：
1.Suspend 50 g in 1 L of distilled or deionized water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely. Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes.

2.Transfer 1 mL of Soybean–Casein Digest Broth to 100 mL of MacConkey Broth, and incubate at 42 to 44 for 24 to 48 hours. Subculture on a plate of MacConkey Agar at 30 to 35 deg.C for 18 to 72 hours.

Quality control：
          　　

Storage: Keep container tightly closed, store in a cool, dry place, away from bright light. Storage period of three years.

Specifications: 250g/bottle

Description

Specifications

• Real time qPCR kit for AetA gene
• For screening aetokthonotoxin gene cluster
• Use in combination with Attogene Algae DNA isolation kit

Description

Not all cyanobacterial strains produce toxins. However, the toxin-producing strains cannot be distinguished from the nontoxin-producing strains by traditional light microscopy, commonlyused to monitor water bodies.  An alternative for the differentiation of potentially toxic strains from nontoxic strains is to use molecular methods to detect the presence of toxin biosynthetic genes. Such methods are already available and could be used for the detection and identification of potential microcystin and nodularin producers present in environmental samples (Attogene catalog number NA2024).

Screening for the toxin itself, can be very costly.  In turn, real time PCR for the detection of a gene region responsible for assembling  in cyanobacterial strains and environmental samples can be a key indicator for the prescense of cyanobacteria capable of expressing the aetokthonotoxin toxin.  Attogen has thus, designed primer pairs and probes targeting a the conserved gene region in order to enable the amplification and detection of several producer genera using real time PCR.  Screening for the toxin genes can save significant costs and act as a triage for samples needing to be analyzed for the toxin itself.

Cyanobacterial neurotoxin aetokthonotoxin (AETX), a peculiar pentabrominated biindole alkaloid implicated in fatal Vacuolar Myelinopathy.  This neurodegenerative disease was first recorded in 1994 during an outbreak of bald-eagle poisonings at De Gray Lake in Arkansas, USA.  AETX was experimentally confirmed to be produced by the true branching heterocytous cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola.  The production of AETX is dependent on bromide (Br−) availability, and likely linked to its hyper-accumulation by the host plan.  Thus regular monitoring of A. hydrillicola (accompanied by assessment of Br− and AETX levels) is highly advisable to predict the possible threat of further VM outbreaks.

The cyanobacterial AetA gene which encodes the unique FAD-dependent halogenase involved in the pathway for AETX synthesis has been adapted to develop a -aetokthonotoxin specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay.