Propargyl-PEG4-5-nitrophenyl carbonate

DBCO-C5-NHS ester is an amine-reactive compound, which can be used to modify an amine-containing molecule in organic media. This reagent isn’t soluble in aqueous media. The extended 5-carbon atom spacer arm improves solubility in commonly used organic solvents including dichloromethane, chloroform, THF, and ethyl acetate, and it also improves derivatization efficiency and stability of conjugates. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only.

DBCO-C5-NHS ester is an amine-reactive compound, which can be used to modify an amine-containing molecule in organic media. This reagent isn’t soluble in aqueous media. The extended 5-carbon atom spacer arm improves solubility in commonly used organic solvents including dichloromethane, chloroform, THF, and ethyl acetate, and it also improves derivatization efficiency and stability of conjugates. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only.

• Real time qPCR kit for AetA gene
• For screening aetokthonotoxin gene cluster
• Use in combination with Attogene Algae DNA isolation kit

Description

Not all cyanobacterial strains produce toxins. However, the toxin-producing strains cannot be distinguished from the nontoxin-producing strains by traditional light microscopy, commonlyused to monitor water bodies.  An alternative for the differentiation of potentially toxic strains from nontoxic strains is to use molecular methods to detect the presence of toxin biosynthetic genes. Such methods are already available and could be used for the detection and identification of potential microcystin and nodularin producers present in environmental samples (Attogene catalog number NA2024).

Screening for the toxin itself, can be very costly.  In turn, real time PCR for the detection of a gene region responsible for assembling  in cyanobacterial strains and environmental samples can be a key indicator for the prescense of cyanobacteria capable of expressing the aetokthonotoxin toxin.  Attogen has thus, designed primer pairs and probes targeting a the conserved gene region in order to enable the amplification and detection of several producer genera using real time PCR.  Screening for the toxin genes can save significant costs and act as a triage for samples needing to be analyzed for the toxin itself.

Cyanobacterial neurotoxin aetokthonotoxin (AETX), a peculiar pentabrominated biindole alkaloid implicated in fatal Vacuolar Myelinopathy.  This neurodegenerative disease was first recorded in 1994 during an outbreak of bald-eagle poisonings at De Gray Lake in Arkansas, USA.  AETX was experimentally confirmed to be produced by the true branching heterocytous cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola.  The production of AETX is dependent on bromide (Br−) availability, and likely linked to its hyper-accumulation by the host plan.  Thus regular monitoring of A. hydrillicola (accompanied by assessment of Br− and AETX levels) is highly advisable to predict the possible threat of further VM outbreaks.

The cyanobacterial AetA gene which encodes the unique FAD-dependent halogenase involved in the pathway for AETX synthesis has been adapted to develop a -aetokthonotoxin specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay.

Real time qPCR kit for AetA gene
For screening aetokthonotoxin gene cluster
Use in combination with Attogene Algae DNA isolation kit

DBCO-PEG8-amine TFA salt is a PEG linker which contains DBCO and amine moieties. The DBCO group is commonly used in copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. The amine group is reactive with carboxylic acids, activated NHS esters, carbonyls (ketone, aldehyde) etc. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases the water solubility of the compound. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.

DBCO-PEG8-amine TFA salt is a PEG linker which contains DBCO and amine moieties. The DBCO group is commonly used in copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. The amine group is reactive with carboxylic acids, activated NHS esters, carbonyls (ketone, aldehyde) etc. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases the water solubility of the compound. Reagent grade, for research purpose. Please contact us for GMP-grade inquiries.