Attogene’ s Cylindrospermopsin Lateral Flow Kit can be used to detect Cylindrospermopsin in source water samples.
Format: Rapid-Water – Run Time: 30 Minutes, enough to run two samples (undiluted and a 10 fold dilution) and negative control.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanotoxin synthesized by select species of cyanobacteria, prominently including Cylindrospermopsin raciborskii. It belongs to the tricyclic alkaloid class, exhibiting a molecular weight of approximately 415 Da. Structurally, cylindrospermopsin features an uracil ring fused with a hydantoin moiety, alongside a guanidino group, attributes that render it highly soluble and polar in aqueous environments.
Cylindrospermopsin is notorious for its profound toxicity towards aquatic organisms and its potential threat to human health through exposure via contaminated water and food sources. Consequently, rigorous monitoring protocols are essential in regions prone to cyanobacterial blooms, where cylindrospermopsin can accumulate in freshwater reservoirs and other aquatic habitats. In recognition of these risks, regulatory bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have implemented an action level guideline. As of 2019, EPA 10-day drinking water health advisory for cylindrospermopsin recommended a threshold of 0.7 parts per billion (ppb), or 700 parts per trillion (ppt) for children under the age of six, and 3 parts per billion, 3000 parts per trillion for anyone older, to effectively manage cylindrospermopsin levels. This precautionary measure aims to uphold both environmental sustainability and public health integrity by minimizing exposure risks. The EPA has also drafted a human health recreational water quality criterion to protect human health at 8,000ppt.
These kits provide a fast, reliable and convenient method to purify and concentrate high quality, high purity and inhibitor-free cell-free circulating and exosomal RNA using a convenient spin column method. These kits can purify RNA from fresh or frozen serum or plasma samples prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate. Plasma samples prepared from blood collected on heparin should not be used, as heparin can significantly interfere with many downstream applications such as RT-PCR. The purified plasma/serum RNA is fully compatible with all downstream applications including PCR, qPCR, methylation-sensitive reverse transcription qPCR, reverse transcription PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection and primer extension, expression array assays, and NGS. The EXTRAClean columns undergo stringent processing and rigorous quality control measures to minimize contamination traces, ensuring optimal results for sensitive applications such as NGS.
Background
Cell-free circulating RNA, including exosomal RNA in plasma or serum, has the potential to provide biomarkers for certain cancers and disease states, and includes tumor-specific extracellular RNA in the blood. Exosomes are 40 – 100 nm membrane vesicles, which are secreted by most cell types. Exosomes can be found in saliva, blood, urine, amniotic fluid and malignant ascitic fluids, among other biological fluids. Evidence has been accumulating recently that these vesicles act as cellular messengers, conveying information to distant cells and tissues within the body. The exosomes contain cell-specific proteins, lipids and RNAs, which are transported to other cells, where they can alter function and/or physiology. These exosomes may play a functional role in mediating adaptive immune responses to infectious agents and tumours, tissue repair, neural communication and transfer of pathogenic proteins. Recent work has demonstrated the presence of distinct subsets of microRNAs within exosomes which depend upon the tumour cell type from which they are secreted. For this reason, exosomal RNAs may serve as biomarkers for various diseases including cancer. As the RNA molecules encapsulated within exosomes are protected from degradation by RNAses, they can be efficiently recovered from biological fluids, such as plasma or serum.
EXTRAClean Plasma/Serum RNA Purification Mini Kit
This kit can purify RNA from fresh or frozen serum or plasma samples prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate, from volumes ranging from 50 μL to 200 μL. The purified plasma/serum RNA is eluted in a flexible final volume of 10 μL to 25 μL.
EXTRAClean Plasma/Serum RNA Purification Midi Kit
This utilizes a two-column method, and can purify RNA from fresh or frozen serum or plasma samples prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate, from volumes ranging from 250 μL to 1.5 mL. The first column will handle the large volume input of bodily fluids that is followed by a concentration on a mini column for a final elution of 50 μL to 100 μL.
EXTRAClean Plasma/Serum RNA Purification Maxi Kit
This kit can purify RNA from fresh or frozen serum or plasma samples prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate, from volumes ranging from 2 mL to 5 mL. The first column will handle the large volume input of bodily fluids that is followed by a concentration on a mini column for a final elution of 50 μL to 100 μL.
All sizes, including miRNA and small RNA (<200 nt)
Average Yields¥
Variable depending on specimen
† This kit is suitable for the isolation of RNA from fresh or frozen serum or plasma prepared from blood collected on either EDTA or Citrate. Plasma samples prepared from blood collected on heparin should not be used as heparin can significantly interfere with many downstream applications such as RT-PCR
¥ Please check page 6 for Average Plasma/Serum Yields and Common RNA Quantification Methods
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 2 years after the date of shipment. It is recommended to warm Lysis Buffer A for 20 minutes at 60°C if any salt precipitation is observed.
Sequentially purify total RNA (and miRNA), DNA and proteins from a single sample
No sample splitting or need to use phenol or precipitation methods
Purify RNA/DNA/Protein from cultured animal cells, tissues, blood, bacteria, yeast, fungi or plants
Purification is based on spin column chromatography that uses Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix
RNA/DNA/Protein Purification Plus Kit
This kit provides a rapid method for the high throughput isolation and purification of total RNA, DNA and proteins sequentially from a single sample of cultured animal cells, small tissue samples, blood, bacteria, or yeast. The kit employs two columns: 1) for gDNA purification and 2) for RNA purification utilizing Norgen’s resin columns (superior for the binding of all RNA sizes including miRNA). The proteins are also purified on the second column after RNA elution. The proteins are eluted in buffer and are ready for downstream application without any further clean up required. The proteins can be quantified directly, used in western blots, ELISA or mass spectrometry. This kit provides a rapid spin-column method for the isolation and purification of total RNA, genomic DNA and proteins sequentially from a single sample of cultured animal cells, small tissue samples, blood, bacteria, yeast, fungi or plants.
RNA/DNA/Protein Purification Plus Micro Kit
This kit provides a rapid spin-column method for the isolation and purification of total RNA, DNA and proteins sequentially from a single sample of cultured animal cells, small tissue samples, microdissected samples including LCM, stem cells, sorted cells, and CTC. The total RNA, genomic DNA and proteins are all column purified in less than 30 minutes. The RNA and DNA can be eluted in as little as 20 µL while the protein can be eluted in as little as 50 µL. This kit provides the same performance as if the samples were isolated from dedicated kits.
RNA/DNA/Protein Purification 96-Well Plus Kit
The kit employs two plates: 1) for DNA purification and 2) for RNA purification utilizing Norgen’s resin (superior for the binding of all RNA sizes including miRNA). Please see the protocol schematic below.
Maximum Amount of Starting Material:Animal CellsAnimal TissuesBloodPlant / Fungi Tissues
5 x 105 cells5 mg (for selected tissues)50 µL25 mg
Average Yield* HeLa Cells (5 x 105 cells) HeLa Cells (5 x 105 cells) HeLa Cells (5 x 105 cells)
RNA: 7.5 μg DNA: 1-2 μg Protein: 70 μg
Storage Conditions and Product Stability The Protein Loading Dye should be stored at -20°C after the addition of DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT). All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 1 year after the date of shipment.
Isolate and extract high quality & quantity miRNA in 30 minutes
Two column kit- eliminate large RNA on the first column and capture microRNA on a second column
Elute microRNA in 25 µL ready for miRNA profiling
Process a wide range of samples- cell, tissue, bacteria, bodily fluids, etc.
Purification is based on spin column chromatography that uses Norgen’s proprietary resin separation matrix
This kit provides a rapid method for the isolation and purification of small RNA molecules (< 200 nt) from cultured animal cells, small tissue samples, bacterial cells, plants, and blood.
Two columns are provided with this kit. The first column captures large RNA, while the small RNA are captured on a second column and are eluted concentrated in 25 µL of nuclease-free water.
The small RNA can be used in various downstream applications relating to miRNA profiling, gene regulation, and functional analysis. The eluted RNA is ready for RT-qPCR, microarrays, and NGS applications.
Background
These small RNAs include regulatory RNA molecules such as microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA), as well as tRNA and 5S rRNA. Small RNA molecules are often studied due to their ability to regulate gene expression. miRNAs and siRNAs are typically 20-25 nucleotides long and regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA molecules and affecting their stability or translation.
Maximum Amount of Starting Material: Animal Cells Animal Tissues Bacteria Plant Tissues Blood
3 x 106 cells 5-25 mg 1 x 109 cells 50 mg 100 μL
Storage Conditions and Product Stability All solutions should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature. This kit is stable for 1 year after the date of shipment.
