Screening of saxitoxin in shellfish samples as low as 50ppb in sample Format: 25 tests (12 tests, 12 controls) Filters, syringes, extract collection tubes, buffers Run Time: 30 Minutes
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Screening of saxitoxin in shellfish samples as low as 50ppb in sample
Saxitoxins (STXs) are naturally occurring alkaloids produced by some marine dinoflagellates and by strains of various species of freshwater cyanobacteria. Saxitoxin is one of the prevalent paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). It belongs to a family of potent neurotoxins with a molecular weight around 300 Da. Saxitoxin and its derivatives are alkaloids composed of a tetrahydropurine ring system with a highly polar guanidinium group. Due to their significant toxicity, saxitoxins are closely monitored in marine environments where they can accumulate in the food chain during harmful algal blooms (HABs). An action level of 800ppb, or 80ug per 100grams of shellfish, has been established.
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Purple-Jelley Hyaluronic Acid assay kit
Product Info
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Product Info
Purple-Jelley Hyaluronic Acid assay kit
Biocolor’s Purple-Jelley assay kit is the perfect tool for accurate measurement of hyaluronic acid / Hyaluronan levels in your samples. This colorimetric assay is optimised for quantitative analysis in-vivo, tissue-derived hyaluronic acid / Hyaluronan and includes full step-by-step instructions.
Colorimetric Detection (655nm) (Endpoint)
Hyaluronic Acid: A gentle giant!
Hyaluronic acid, in its hydrated form, is a unique carbohydrate polymer, often referred to as a ‘gentle giant.’ It consists of a lengthy, flexible, non-branching chain with a repeating disaccharide pattern. This disaccharide is composed of alternating uronic acid and aminosugar units.
Why is our kit called ‘Purple-Jelley’?
Discovering the J-Aggregate Effect in Cyanine DyesIn 1936, Edwin Jelley made a fascinating observation, documented it in a letter to Nature (Nature 138, 1009 – 1010). He noted a peculiar behaviour of certain cyanine dyes, that when dissolved in 5 M NaCl, they dyes exhibited a third absorbance peak at a longer wavelength, around 650nm. In deionized water, however, they displayed only a double peak at approximately 540nm and 570nm. The 650nm peak in concentrated dye solutions resulted from the aggregation of dye molecules and was later termed a ‘J-aggregate,’ in honor of Edwin Jelley. The J-aggregate is known as a supra-molecular complex, formed by stacking individual dye molecules.
Subsequent research in the 1960s, notably by Kay et al. (J. Physical Chem. 68, 1896 – 1906), revealed that various biological polymers, including proteins, DNA, polar lipids, and glycosaminoglycans, could also induce this third absorbance peak. This phenomenon led to the development of the Purple-Jelley assay, named after the purple color of the dye reagent and Edwin Jelley himself.
An overview of the Purple-Jelley assay steps:
During the assay, hyaluronic acid is selectively purified during the assay sample preparation protocol. This is then reacted with the Purple-Jelley dye reagent, and the absorption of the characteristic third wavelength recorded. By comparison with a calibration curve the hyaluronic acid content of the sample can be measured.
Step 1. The assay protocol takes tissue samples through a sequential sample preparation protocol which involves enzymatic protein digestion, followed by precipitation and purification of GAGs, culminating in the precipitation of purified Hyaluronic acid.
Step2. The processed sample is then incubated for 10 minutes with the Purple-Jelley dye reagent, forming a coloured product which can be measured spectrophotometrically.
Step 3. The Hyaluronic acid content of unknown samples can be calculated by comparison against a calibration curve prepared using a standard comprising hyaluronic acid (supplied with the kit).
Assay range
10 – 100µg/ml
Limit of Detection
10µg/ml
Detection Method
Colorimetric Detection (655nm) (Endpoint)
Measurements per kit
100 in total (allows a maximum of 46 samples to be run in duplicate alongside a standard curve).
Suitable Samples
In-vivo: Hyaluronic acid purified from in-vivo tissues. The kit protocol involves extraction and purification of hyaluronic acid prior to reaction with the Purple-Dye reagent.
Precautions
This kit is designed for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Kit requires access to a centrifuge, as well as a spectrophotometer/colorimeter capable of colorimetric, absorbance detection at 655nm. Specific sample preparation protocols may require customer to provide further reagents, consult assay manual for further information.
2. Hyaluronan Reference Standard (1x 5ml, 0.2mg/ml soluble Hyaluronic Acid)
3. Precipitating Reagent (2x 34ml)
4. Sodium Chloride (1x 20ml)
5. Cetylpyridinium Chloride (1x 20ml)
6. TRIS-buffered Saline (5x tablets)
7. 2ml screw-cap tubes for preparation of samples.
8. Assay kit manual
NB: Additional reagents may be required for sample preparation prior to assay. Consult manual or contact us for further details.
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Biocolor’s Purple-Jelley assay kit is the perfect tool for accurate measurement of hyaluronic acid / Hyaluronan levels in your samples. This colorimetric assay is optimised for quantitative analysis in-vivo, tissue-derived hyaluronic acid / Hyaluronan and includes full step-by-step instructions.
AZtaq™ DNA Polymerase is a high-quality DNA polymerase, originating form Thermus aquaticus. Being highly thermostable, AZtaq is ideal for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications.
The enzyme catalyses the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand using a primed DNA or cDNA strand as template. It possesses 5’-3’ exonuclease activity while lacking 3’-5’ proofreading activity.
AZtaq is compatible with the use of dUTP, enabling highly efficient removal of carry-over contamination with Cod UNG.
Key Features
Excellent qPCR Performance
Compatible with dUTP
Thermostable
Applications
PCR/qPCR
Figures
Properties
Quality Control
ArcticZymes is dedicated to the quality of our products. AZtaq is manufactured at our ISO 13485 certified facility in Norway.
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AZtaq™ DNA Polymerase is a high-quality DNA polymerase, originating form Thermus aquaticus. Being highly thermostable, AZtaq is ideal for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications.
Perforated heat sealing film which is optically clear. This seal has 3 mm slits for gas transfer; is suitable for insect studies and seed storage too.
Heat sealing is a quick and cost effective method of plate sealing
Our ClearASeal Perf Heat Seal is based on our ClearASeal Peel, with the addition of 3 mm slits across the width of the seal
These slits render the seal gas permeable, whilst retaining evaporation to a minimum, compared to the use of lids
The ClearASeal Perf Heat Seal is compatible with polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) plates
The Seal has a wide seal integrity temperature range, from -80 °C to 110 °C
It can be used for insect and seed storage, as it enables gas exchange, whilst providing an inert surface with no adhesive to interfere with the well contents
This seal is available as sheets, for use with manual and semi-automated sealers, such as our HeatASeal 500 Sealing Machine
Also available in roll format compatible with specified automated heat sealers, such as our Wasp or Chameleon XT
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Perforated heat sealing film which is optically clear. This seal has 3 mm slits for gas transfer; is suitable for insect studies and seed storage too.
